Effect of selenium status and supplementation with high-selenium yeast on plasma homocysteine and B vitamin concentrations in the UK elderly

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1324-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram Bekaert ◽  
Matthew L. Cooper ◽  
Fiona R. Green ◽  
Helene McNulty ◽  
Kristina Pentieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
High Selenium ◽  
The Uk ◽  
B Vitamin

Response of Selenium Status Indicators to Supplementation of Healthy North American Men with High-Selenium Yeast

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Chris Hawkes ◽  
B. Diane Richter ◽  
Zeynep Alkan ◽  
Elaine C. Souza ◽  
Monique Derricote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
High Selenium

scholarly journals The use of high-selenium yeast to raise selenium status: how does it measure up?

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret P. Rayman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
High Selenium ◽  
Study Intervention

Selenium-enriched yeast (Se-yeast) is a common form of Se used to supplement the dietary intake of this important trace mineral. However, its availability within the European Union is under threat, owing to concerns expressed by the European Community (EC) Scientific Committee on Food that Se-yeast supplements are poorly characterised and could potentially cause the build up of Se in tissues to toxic levels. The present review examines the validity of these concerns. Diagrams of the biosynthesis and metabolism of Se compounds show which species can be expected to occur in Se-yeast preparations. Se-yeast manufacture is described together with quality-control measures applied by reputable manufacturers. The way in which speciation of Se-yeast is achieved is explained and results on amounts of Se species in various commercial products are tabulated. In all cases described, selenomethionine is the largest single species, accounting for 54–74 % of total Se. Se-yeast is capable of increasing the activity of the selenoenzymes and its bioavailability has been found to be higher than that of inorganic Se sources in all but one study. Intervention studies with Se-yeast have shown the benefit of this form in cancer prevention, on the immune response and on HIV infection. Of about one dozen supplementation studies, none has shown evidence of toxicity even up to an intake level of 800 μg Se/d over a period of years. It is concluded that Se-yeast from reputable manufacturers is adequately characterised, of reproducible quality, and that there is no evidence of toxicity even at levels far above the EC tolerable upper intake level of 300 μg/d.

Genotoxicity Studies on Sel-Plex®, a Standardized, Registered High-Selenium Yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Griffiths ◽  
Ray A. Matulka ◽  
Ronan Power
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
High Selenium ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test

Selenium, recognized as an essential nutrient for human health, is a component of proteins and enzymes required for various biological functions and is currently being used as a feed supplement for livestock in geographical areas that are naturally low in selenium. Selenium is structurally similar to sulfur, replacing the sulfur atom in stoichiometric amounts and thus functions through an association with proteins, termed selenoproteins. In geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selenized yeast). A unique, standardized, registered high selenium food-grade baker’s yeast ( S. cerevisiae; Sel-Plex®), was tested in the following battery of Genotoxicity assays; (1) a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test); (2) an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test; and (3) a mouse micronucleus test. Under the conditions of this assay, Sel-Plex® showed no evidence of mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium, in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Sel-Plex® did not induce significant chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes in the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test. Sel-Plex® did not statistically increase the frequency or proportion of micronucleated immature erythrocytes in the mouse micronucleus test. Thus, from the studies presented here, the authors conclude that Sel-Plex® is nongenotoxic.

Selenium Status in Saudi Arabian Compared to UK Women and Possible Influence on Bone Density and Skeletal Metabolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stoffaneller R ◽  
Nancy L Morse
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Marker Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Se Status

Se intake in the UK is thought to be declining whereas little is known about the Se status of Middle Eastern countries in general and Saudi Arabia specifically. Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest a possible link between Se status and bone health. The purpose of this study was primarily to determine Se status, and secondarily to determine the influence of Se inadequacy on bone health using prospective measures of dietary selenium (Se) intake and bone health, and retrospective analyses of plasma and serum Se content. Plasma/serum Se concentration was measured in 76 women from the Saudi Arabian Bone Health (SABHS) study (34 premenopausal and 42 postmenopausal), and 92 women from the Vitamin D, Food Intake, Nutrition and Exposure to Sunlight (D-FINES) study in southern England (27 Caucasian premenopausal, 35 Caucasian postmenopausal,14 Asian premenopausal and 16 Asian postmenopausal). Bone health marker data was available for all subjects while dietary intake data was available for United Kingdom (UK) subjects only. Se was lower in Saudi Arabian compared to UK subjects (P<0.01) even after adjusting for body size. Postmenopausal women had higher Se across all ethnicities. Se status was significantly positively correlated with Se intake in the UK Caucasian subjects (autumn 2006 intakes) and 91.5% of the UK subjects did not meet the Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI). Se status and intake relative to bone health had mixed outcomes. Based on these findings, Se status and intake is insufficient in UK and Saudi Arabian women with premenopausal women most affected.

Homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B12 in relation to pre- and postnatal health aspects

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Obeid ◽  
Wolfgang Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Early Abortion

AbstractStudies linking hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) and B-vitamin deficiency to some health aspects in children have been accumulating. Low B-vitamin status inearly life, even as early as the time of conception, may endanger the potential for new life and may negatively influence the health of the offspring. Early abortion, pregnancy complications and poor pregnancy outcomes have been linked to elevated concentrations of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and low folate or vitamin B

Effect of Supplementation With High-Selenium Yeast on Plasma Lipids

2011 ◽  
Vol 154 (10) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret P. Rayman ◽  
Saverio Stranges ◽  
Bruce A. Griffin ◽  
Roberto Pastor-Barriuso ◽  
Eliseo Guallar
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
High Selenium

SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA FORAGES, GRAINS, AND PROCESSED FEEDS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. MILTIMORE ◽  
A. L. van RYSWYK ◽  
F. M. CHAPMAN ◽  
C. M. KALNIN ◽  
W. L. PRINGLE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
High Selenium ◽  
Selenium Analysis

Samples of hay, silage and grains grown throughout British Columbia and samples of ration components available in British Columbia were analyzed for selenium in order to characterize the selenium status of feeds available for livestock. There were nutritionally important differences between the same feeds grown in different regions and between different feeds within a region. Even within a region featuring relatively high selenium concentrations, many feeds were found to be below the 0.1 ppm minimum requirement for livestock. A selenium analysis of feeds appears necessary in order to supplement livestock appropriately.

scholarly journals Methylation demand: a key determinant of homocysteine metabolism.

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Brosnan ◽  
Rene L Jacobs ◽  
Lori M Stead ◽  
Margaret E Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Methionine Synthase ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine Level ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
The Many ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Quantitative Importance

Elevated plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. To understand the factors that determine the plasma homocysteine level it is necessary to appreciate the processes that produce homocysteine and those that remove it. Homocysteine is produced as a result of methylation reactions. Of the many methyltransferases, two are, normally, of the greatest quantitative importance. These are guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (that produces creatine) and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (that produces phosphatidylcholine). In addition, methylation of DOPA in patients with Parkinson's disease leads to increased homocysteine production. Homocysteine is removed either by its irreversible conversion to cysteine (transsulfuration) or by remethylation to methionine. There are two separate remethylation reactions, catalyzed by betaine:homocysteine methyltransferase and methionine synthase, respectively. The reactions that remove homocysteine are very sensitive to B vitamin status as both the transsulfuration enzymes contain pyridoxal phosphate, while methionine synthase contains cobalamin and receives its methyl group from the folic acid one-carbon pool. There are also important genetic influences on homocysteine metabolism.

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