Surrogate modeling of impedance matching transformers by means of variable‐fidelity electromagnetic simulations and nested cokriging

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pietrenko‐Dabrowska ◽  
Slawomir Koziel
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Surrogate Modeling ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Variable Fidelity

A Novel Scheme for Wide Bandwidth Chip-to-Chip Communications

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Liu ◽  
Patrick Fay ◽  
Gary H. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Communication Paradigm ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Test Chips

Quilt Packaging (QP), a novel chip-to-chip communication paradigm for system-in-package integration, is presented. By forming protruding metal nodules along the edges of the chips and interconnecting integrated circuits (ICs) through them, QP offers an approach to ameliorate the I/O speed bottleneck. A fabrication process that includes deep reactive ion etching, electroplating, and chemical-mechanical polishing is demonstrated. As a low-temperature process, it can be easily integrated into a standard IC fabrication process. Three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations of coplanar waveguide QP structures have been performed, and geometries intended to improve impedance matching at the interface between the on-chip interconnects and the chip-to-chip nodule structures were evaluated. Test chips with 100 μm wide nodules were fabricated on silicon substrates, and s-parameters of chip-to-chip interconnects were measured. The insertion loss of the chip-to-chip interconnects was as low as 0.2 dB at 40 GHz. Simulations of 20 μm wide QP structures suggest that the bandwidth of the inter-chip nodules is expected to be above 200 GHz.

Inverse surrogate modeling for low-cost geometry scaling of microwave and antenna structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomir Koziel ◽  
Adrian Bekasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Surrogate Modeling ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Simulation Accuracy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scaling Process ◽  
Variable Fidelity ◽  
Em Simulation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate strategies for expedited dimension scaling of electromagnetic (EM)-simulated microwave and antenna structures, exploiting the concept of variable-fidelity inverse surrogate modeling. Design/methodology/approach – A fast inverse surrogate modeling technique is described for dimension scaling of microwave and antenna structures. The model is established using reference designs obtained for cheap underlying low-fidelity model and corrected to allow structure scaling at high accuracy level. Numerical and experimental case studies are provided demonstrating feasibility of the proposed approach. Findings – It is possible, by appropriate combination of surrogate modeling techniques, to establish an inverse model for explicit determination of geometry dimensions of the structure at hand so as to re-design it for various operating frequencies. The scaling process can be concluded at a low computational cost corresponding to just a few evaluations of the high-fidelity computational model of the structure. Research limitations/implications – The present study is a step toward development of procedures for rapid dimension scaling of microwave and antenna structures at high-fidelity EM-simulation accuracy. Originality/value – The proposed modeling framework proved useful for fast geometry scaling of microwave and antenna structures, which is very laborious when using conventional methods. To the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to surrogate-assisted dimension scaling of microwave components at the EM-simulation level.

Derivative-Enhanced Variable Fidelity Surrogate Modeling for Aerodynamic Functions

AIAA Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Yamazaki ◽  
Dimitri J. Mavriplis
Keyword(s):  
Surrogate Modeling ◽  
Variable Fidelity

A Rational Design Approach to Gaussian Process Modeling for Variable Fidelity Models

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne A. Moore ◽  
David A. Romero ◽  
Christiaan J. J. Paredis
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Process ◽  
Surrogate Model ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Surrogate Modeling ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Variable Fidelity ◽  
The Cost

Computer models and simulations are essential system design tools that allow for improved decision making and cost reductions during all phases of the design process. However, the most accurate models tend to be computationally expensive and can therefore only be used sporadically. Consequently, designers are often forced to choose between exploring many design alternatives with less accurate, inexpensive models and evaluating fewer alternatives with the most accurate models. To achieve both broad exploration of the design space and accurate determination of the best alternatives, surrogate modeling and variable accuracy modeling are gaining in popularity. A surrogate model is a mathematically tractable approximation of a more expensive model based on a limited sampling of that model. Variable accuracy modeling involves a collection of different models of the same system with different accuracies and computational costs. We hypothesize that designers can determine the best solutions more efficiently using surrogate and variable accuracy models. This hypothesis is based on the observation that very poor solutions can be eliminated inexpensively by using only less accurate models. The most accurate models are then reserved for discerning the best solution from the set of good solutions. In this paper, a new approach for global optimization is introduced, which uses variable accuracy models in conjuction with a kriging surrogate model and a sequential sampling strategy based on a Value of Information (VOI) metric. There are two main contributions. The first is a novel surrogate modeling method that accommodates data from any number of different models of varying accuracy and cost. The proposed surrogate model is Gaussian process-based, much like classic kriging modeling approaches. However, in this new approach, the error between the model output and the unknown truth (the real world process) is explicitly accounted for. When variable accuracy data is used, the resulting response surface does not interpolate the data points but provides an approximate fit giving the most weight to the most accurate data. The second contribution is a new method for sequential sampling. Information from the current surrogate model is combined with the underlying variable accuracy models’ cost and accuracy to determine where best to sample next using the VOI metric. This metric is used to mathematically determine where next to sample and with which model. In this manner, the cost of further analysis is explicitly taken into account during the optimization process.

scholarly journals Development of a Microwave Irradiation Probe for a Cylindrical Applicator

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Mitani ◽  
Ryo Nakajima ◽  
Naoki Shinohara ◽  
Yoshihiro Nozaki ◽  
Tsukasa Chikata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Ultrapure Water ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Microwave Power Source ◽  
Reflected Power ◽  
Microwave Probe

A microwave irradiation probe was newly developed for downsizing microwave applicators and the overall microwave heating apparatus. The key component of the proposed probe is a tapered section composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and alumina. Insertion of the tapered section between the input port and the applicator vessel realizes impedance matching to the microwave power source and reduces the reflected power from the applicator. The proposed microwave probe for a cylindrical applicator was designed using 3D electromagnetic simulations. The permittivity data of two liquid samples—ultrapure water and 2 M NaOH solution—were measured and taken into simulations. The conductivity of the NaOH solution was estimated from the measurement results. The measured reflection ratio of the fabricated applicator was in good accordance with the simulated one. The frequency ranges in which the measured reflection ratio was less than 10% were from 1.45 GHz to 2.7 GHz when using water and from 1.6 GHz to 2.7 GHz when using the NaOH solution as the sample. The heating rate of the applicator was roughly estimated as 63 to 69 K for a 5 min interval during the 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation at the input power of 100 W.

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