New experimental flap model in the rat: Free flow-through epigastric flap

Microsurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 454-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Özkan ◽  
O. Koray Coşkunfirat ◽  
H. Ege Özgentaş ◽  
M. Bahadir Dikici
Keyword(s):  
Free Flow ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Epigastric Flap ◽  
Experimental Flap

Emergency Repair of Severe Limb Injuries With Free Flow-Through Chimeric Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Flap

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-675
Author(s):  
Xiaoju Zheng ◽  
Yi Zhan ◽  
Haijun Li ◽  
Zhong Zhang ◽  
Xuewen Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perforator Flap ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Emergency Repair ◽  
Anterolateral Thigh ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Flow Through

Nearly Free Flow through an Orifice

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rotenberg
Keyword(s):  
Free Flow ◽  
Flow Through

Component Interactions and their Influence on the Pressure Losses in Internal Flow Systems

1976 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Ward Smith
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physical Reasons

SYNOPSIS The pressure losses arising from the flow through internal flow systems are usually estimated by subdividing the system into elementary components, assigning a loss to each component, and then summing these individual contributions. This approach can lead to appreciable errors when the components are sufficiently close to one another for interactions to occur. As a contribution to the discussion of this complicated subject, this paper is concerned with the steady, turbulent flow through combinations of bends and diffusers. Under some circumstances the combined losses of the interacting components are greater than the sum of the individual losses in interference free flow. In other circumstances the reverse is the case. However, as this paper demonstrates, in all cases it is possible to produce sound physical reasons for the variations and, as a consequence, it is possible to generalise the results to interactions involving other components in combination. The paper concludes with a list of broad design principles which have wide application to systems in which interaction effects are important.

scholarly journals Discharge of a Triangular Orifice under Free Flow Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Anna Sosnowska
Keyword(s):  
Free Flow ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Relative Deviation ◽  
Large Orifice ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Different Dimensions

Abstract In this paper, flow through a free triangular orifice is considered. The comparison of two formulas was conducted for discharge calculations: a large orifice formula and a small orifice formula. The results show that, above a certain value of upstream head to orifice height ratio there is no need for small-large formula discrimination. The differences in the outcomes for the two formulas are negligible for upstream head to orifice height ratios greater than 3. This means that a small orifice formula can be used instead of a large orifice formula. Calculations were performed for different variants of triangle orientation (with tip downwards, sidewards and upwards) as well as for different dimensions of orifice (equilateral and isosceles). The calculations also included different submergence levels of the upper edge of the orifice and variable dimensions of the orifice with constant upstream head. Neither of these conditions affect the relative deviation values for small and large orifice formulas.

scholarly journals Discharge and velocity variation of flows in open channels partially covered with different layered vegetation

2021 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Tang ◽  
Yutong Guan ◽  
Hamidreza Rahimi ◽  
Prateek Singh ◽  
Yujia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Free Flow ◽  
Open Channels ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Flow Zone ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Additional Resistance ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Natural Rivers

The role of vegetation in the natural environment has drawn great interest recently. The vegetation can change the velocity distribution due to its additional resistance on the flow, consequently affecting the nutrient and pollutant transport, and the habitats. Due to the complexity of flow and vegetation interaction, many previous researchers have studied the flow structure of channels with uniform vegetation. Few studies have been done on the flow of open channels partially covered vegetation of different heights on one side of the channel, which commonly exists in natural rivers. Through novel experiments for such a vegetated flow, this paper shows the influence of different layered vegetation on the velocity profile and discharge, which indicates that the velocity in the vegetation zone is significantly smaller than that in the free-flow zone and that the velocity profiles in the short and tall vegetation zones are very different. The flow through the free-flow zone is dominant (about 75%) despite its half width, and its discharge percentage slightly decreases as increasing flow depth.

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