scholarly journals Comment on “Microbiota Composition and Metabolism Are Associated With Gut Function in Parkinson's Disease”

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1695-1695
Author(s):  
Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Function

Microbiota Composition and Metabolism Are Associated With Gut Function in Parkinson's Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1208-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai S. Cirstea ◽  
Adam C. Yu ◽  
Ella Golz ◽  
Kristen Sundvick ◽  
Daniel Kliger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Function

scholarly journals Reply to: ‘Comment on “Microbiota Composition and Metabolism Are Associated With Gut Function in Parkinson’s Disease”’

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1695-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai S. Cirstea ◽  
Adam C. Yu ◽  
Ella Golz ◽  
Kristen Sundvick ◽  
Daniel Kliger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Function

scholarly journals Oral Factors That Impact the Oral Microbiota in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Rozas ◽  
Gena D. Tribble ◽  
Cameron B. Jeter
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Salivary Ph

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at increased risk of aspiration pneumonia, their primary cause of death. Their oral microbiota differs from healthy controls, exacerbating this risk. Our goal was to explore if poor oral health, poor oral hygiene, and dysphagia status affect the oral microbiota composition of these patients. In this cross-sectional case-control study, the oral microbiota from hard and soft tissues of patients with PD (n = 30) and age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls (n = 30) was compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial identification. Study participants completed dietary, oral hygiene, drooling, and dysphagia questionnaires, and an oral health screening. Significant differences in soft tissue beta-diversity (p < 0.005) were found, and a higher abundance of opportunistic oral pathogens was detected in patients with PD. Factors that significantly influenced soft tissue beta-diversity and microbiota composition include dysphagia, drooling (both p < 0.05), and salivary pH (p < 0.005). Thus, patients with PD show significant differences in their oral microbiota compared to the controls, which may be due, in part, to dysphagia, drooling, and salivary pH. Understanding factors that alter their oral microbiota could lead to the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies that improve the quality of life and survivability of these patients.

scholarly journals An altered microbiome in a Parkinson’s disease model Drosophila melanogaster has a negative effect on development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade Parker-Character ◽  
David R. Hager ◽  
Tanner B. Call ◽  
Zachary S. Pickup ◽  
Scott A. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Control

Abstract It is well-established that there are differences in the fecal microbiota composition between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and control populations, but the mechanisms underlying these differences are not yet fully understood. To begin to close the gap between description and mechanism we studied the relationship between the microbiota and PD in a model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. First, fecal transfers were performed with a D. melanogaster model of PD that had a mutation in the parkin (park25) gene. Results indicate that the PD model feces had a negative effect on both pupation and eclosion in both control and park25 flies, with a greater effect in PD model flies. Analysis of the microbiota composition revealed differences between the control and park25 flies, consistent with many human studies. Conversely, gnotobiotic treatment of axenic embryos with feces-derived bacterial cultures did not affect eclosure. We speculate this result might be due to similarities in bacterial prevalence between mutant and control feces. Further, we confirmed a bacteria-potentiated impact on mutant and control fly phenotypes by measuring eclosure rate in park25flies that were mono-associated with members of the fly microbiota. Both the fecal transfer and the mono-association results indicate a host genotype-microbiota interaction. Overall, this study concludes functional effects of the fly microbiota on PD model flies, providing support to the developing body of knowledge regarding the influence of the microbiota on PD.

scholarly journals An altered microbiome in a Parkinson’s disease model Drosophila melanogaster has a negative effect on development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade Parker-Character ◽  
David R. Hager ◽  
Tanner B. Call ◽  
Zachary S. Pickup ◽  
Scott A. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Control

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, besides Alzheimer’s Disease, characterized by multiple symptoms, including the well-known motor dysfunctions. It is well-established that there are differences in the fecal microbiota composition between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and control populations, but the mechanisms underlying these differences are not yet fully understood. To begin to close the gap between description and mechanism we studied the relationship between the microbiota and PD in a model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. First, fecal transfers were performed with a D. melanogaster model of PD that had a mutation in the parkin (park25) gene. Results indicate that the PD model feces had a negative effect on both pupation and eclosion in both control and park25 flies, with a greater effect in PD model flies. Analysis of the microbiota composition revealed differences between the control and park25 flies, consistent with many human studies. Conversely, gnotobiotic treatment of axenic embryos with feces-derived bacterial cultures did not affect eclosure. We speculate this result might be due to similarities in bacterial prevalence between mutant and control feces. Further, we confirmed a bacteria-potentiated impact on mutant and control fly phenotypes by measuring eclosure rate in park25 flies that were mono-associated with members of the fly microbiota. Both the fecal transfer and the mono-association results indicate a host genotype-microbiota interaction. Overall, this study concludes functional effects of the fly microbiota on PD model flies, providing support to the developing body of knowledge regarding the influence of the microbiota on PD.

scholarly journals Probiotic Enhancement of Antioxidant Capacity and Alterations of Gut Microbiota Composition in 6-Hydroxydopamin-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Shu-Ping Tsao ◽  
Bira Arumndari Nurrahma ◽  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
Chieh-Hsi Wu ◽  
Tu-Hsueh Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Indirect Pathway

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which may be aggravated by concomitant PD-associated gut dysbiosis. Probiotics and prebiotics are therapeutically relevant to these conditions due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiome modulation properties. However, the mechanisms by which probiotic/prebiotic supplementation affects antioxidant capacity and the gut microbiome in PD remains poorly characterized. In this study, we assessed the effects of a Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 probiotic, a prebiotic (dried AP-32 culture medium supernatant), and a probiotic/prebiotic cocktail in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD. The neuroprotective effects and levels of oxidative stress were evaluated after eight weeks of daily supplementation. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The supplements were associated with direct increases in host antioxidant enzyme activities and short-chain fatty acid production, protected dopaminergic neurons, and improved motor functions. The supplements also altered the fecal microbiota composition, and some specifically enriched commensal taxa correlated positively with superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity, indicating supplementation also promotes antioxidant activity via an indirect pathway. Therefore, L. salivarius AP-32 supplementation enhanced the activity of host antioxidant enzymes via direct and indirect modes of action in rats with 6-OHDA-induced PD.

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