Association of statin use with Parkinson's disease: Dose–response relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su‐Min Jeong ◽  
Wooyoung Jang ◽  
Dong Wook Shin
Neurology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Gorell ◽  
B. A. Rybicki ◽  
C. C. Johnson ◽  
E. L. Peterson

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Jiao Li ◽  
Hong-Fang Ji ◽  
Liang Shen

Background. Many studies have reported an association between tea drinking and Parkinson's disease (PD). Our purpose is to summarize the available information and evaluate the risk of PD associated with tea drinking.Methods. We searched all publications in English language on the association of tea drinking and PD risk published up to December 2010. The pooled analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.0.Results. In total, eight articles including 1418 cases and 4250 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (95% CI) was 0.85 (0.74–0.98), which suggests the protective effect of tea drinking in PD risks. Moreover, the summary OR (OR: 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69–0.99) for drinkers of ≤1 cup of tea per day versus nonconsumers and that (OR: 0.96, 95% CI = 0.73–1.27) for drinkers of >1 cups of tea per day versus nonconsumers showed that there was not an apparent dose-response relationship. No indication for publication bias was found.Conclusions. This meta-analysis showed that tea drinking can lower the risk of PD, while no apparent dose-response relationship was found. Further effort is needed to fully understand the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of tea consumption in lowering PD risk.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Min Jeong ◽  
Dong Wook Shin ◽  
Tae Gon Yoo ◽  
Mi Hee Cho ◽  
Wooyoung Jang ◽  
...  

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the dose–response relationship between the levels of statin exposure and the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We included 119,013 Korean adults (≥ 60 years old) using a database from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (2002–2013). Statin exposure was treated as a time-varying variable. Incidence of AD was defined by the first claim code for AD with anti-Alzheimer drugs. AD occurred in 9467 cases during a median 7.2 years of follow-up. Overall, statin use was not associated with an increased risk of AD incidence [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99–1.10]. When examined by level of statin exposure, statin prescription < 540 days during a 2-year window time was associated with a higher risk for incidence of AD compared to statin non-use. However, days of prescription ≥ 540 and cumulative defined daily dose ≥ 540 of statin were associated with decreased risk of AD [aHR (95% CI) = 0.87 (0.80–0.95) and 0.79 (0.68–0.92), respectively]. Our findings indicate that less persistent statin use is associated with increased risk of AD, whereas persistent and adherent statin use is associated with decreased risk of AD.


1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph I. Dorfman

ABSTRACT The stimulating action of testosterone on the chick's comb can be inhibited by the subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg of norethisterone or Ro 2-7239 (2-acetyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydrophenanthrene), 0.5 mg of cortisol or progesterone, and by 4.5 mg of Mer-25 (1-(p-2-diethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-p-methoxyphenyl ethanol). No dose response relationship could be established. Norethisterone was the most active anti-androgen by this test.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 003-016
Author(s):  
John Michel Warner

AbstractAccording to Hahnemann, homoeopathic medicines must be great immune responses inducers. In crude states, these medicines pose severe threats to the immune system. So, the immune-system of an organism backfires against the molecules of the medicinal substances. The complex immune response mechanism activated by the medicinal molecules can handle any threats which are similar to the threats posed by the medicinal molecules. The intersectional operation of the two sets, medicine-induced immune responses and immune responses necessary to cure diseases, shows that any effective homoeopathic medicine, which is effective against any disease, can induce immune responses which are necessary to cure the specific disease. In this article, this mechanism has been exemplified by the action of Silicea in human body. Also, a neuroimmunological assessment of the route of medicine administration shows that the oral cavity and the nasal cavity are two administration-routes where the smallest doses (sometimes even few molecules) of a particular homoeopathic medicine induce the most effective and sufficient (in amount) purgatory immune responses. Administering the smallest unitary doses of Silicea in the oral route can make significant changes in the vital force line on the dose–response relationship graph. The dose–response relationship graph further implicates that the most effective dose of a medicine must be below the lethality threshold. If multiple doses of any medicine are administered at same intervals, the immune-system primarily engages with the medicinal molecules; but along the passage of time, the engagement line splits into two: one engages with the medicinal molecules and another engages with diseases. The immune system's engagement with the diseases increases along the passage of time, though the engagement with the medicinal molecules gradually falls with the administration of descending doses. Necessarily, I have shown through mathematical logic that the descending doses, though they seem to be funny, can effectively induce the most effective immune responses.


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