Reply to: Touchscreen smartphone interaction in Parkinson’s Disease and healthy subjects on out‐patient clinics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni De Vleeschhauwer ◽  
Alice Nieuwboer ◽  
Evelien Nackaerts
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects

THREE DAYS MONITORING OF ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AMONG YOUNG HEALTHY ADULTS AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Seong Hyun Moon ◽  
◽  
Rahul Soangra ◽  
Christopher F. Frames ◽  
Thurmon E. Lockhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Butterworth Filters

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the substantia nigra, which leads to more than half of PD patients are considered to be at high risk of falling. Recently, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors have shown great promise in the classification of activities of daily living (ADL) such as walking, standing, sitting, and laying down, considered to be normal movement in daily life. Measuring physical activity level from longitudinal ADL monitoring among PD patients could provide insights into their fall mechanisms. In this study, six PD patients (mean age=74.3±6.5 years) and six young healthy subjects (mean age=19.7±2.7 years) were recruited. All the subjects were asked to wear the single accelerometer, DynaPort MM+ (Motion Monitor+, McRoberts BV, The Hague, Netherlands), with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz located at the L5-S1 spinal area for 3 days. Subjects maintained a log of activities they performed and only removed the sensor while showering or performing other aquatic activities. The resultant acceleration was filtered using high and low pass Butterworth filters to determine dynamic and stationary activities. As a result, it was found that healthy young subjects performed significantly more dynamic activities (13.2%) when compared to PD subjects (7%), in contrast, PD subjects (92.9%) had significantly more stationary activities than young healthy subjects (86.8%).

Stroke Rehabilitation and Parkinson's Disease Tremor Reduction Using BCIs Combined With FES

2021 ◽  
pp. 473-491
Author(s):  
Sophie V. Adama ◽  
Martin Bogdan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Electrical Muscle Stimulation ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
First Case ◽  
Bci System ◽  
Electrical Muscle

This article describes how Stroke and Parkinson's disease are two illnesses that particularly affect motor functions. With the advancements in technology, there is a lot of research focusing on finding solutions: to contribute to neuroplasticity in the first case, and to reduce symptoms in the second case. This manuscript describes the design of a brain-computer interface system (BCI) system paired with an electrical muscle stimulation suit for stroke rehabilitation and the reduction of tremors caused by Parkinson's disease. The idea is to strengthen the sensory-motor feedback loop, which will allow a more stabilized control of the affected extremities by taking into account the patient's motivation. To do so, his brain signals are measured to detect his intention to attempt to execute a movement, in contrast to the classical approach where the movement executions are imposed. A first feasibility study was completed. The author's next step is planning to test the system first with healthy subjects and finally with patients.

scholarly journals α-Synuclein oligomers in skin biopsy of idiopathic and monozygotic twin patients with Parkinson’s disease

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 920-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanta Mazzetti ◽  
Milo J Basellini ◽  
Valentina Ferri ◽  
Erica Cassani ◽  
Emanuele Cereda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Proximity Ligation Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Proximity Ligation ◽  
Synaptic Terminals

Abstract A variety of cellular processes, including vesicle clustering in the presynaptic compartment, are impaired in Parkinson’s disease and have been closely associated with α-synuclein oligomerization. Emerging evidence proves the existence of α-synuclein-related pathology in the peripheral nervous system, even though the presence of α-synuclein oligomers in situ in living patients remains poorly investigated. In this case-control study, we show previously undetected α-synuclein oligomers within synaptic terminals of autonomic fibres in skin biopsies by means of the proximity ligation assay and propose a procedure for their quantification (proximity ligation assay score). Our study revealed a significant increase in α-synuclein oligomers in consecutive patients with Parkinson’s disease compared to consecutive healthy controls (P < 0.001). Proximity ligation assay score (threshold value > 96 using receiver operating characteristic) was found to have good sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (82%, 86% and 89%, respectively). Furthermore, to disclose the role of putative genetic predisposition in Parkinson’s disease aetiology, we evaluated the differential accumulation of oligomers in a unique cohort of 19 monozygotic twins discordant for Parkinson’s disease. The significant difference between patients and healthy subjects was confirmed in twins. Intriguingly, although no difference in median values was detected between consecutive healthy controls and healthy twins, the prevalence of healthy subjects positive for proximity ligation assay score was significantly greater in twins than in the consecutive cohort (47% versus 14%, P = 0.019). This suggests that genetic predisposition is important, but not sufficient, in the aetiology of the disease and strengthens the contribution of environmental factors. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that α-synuclein oligomers accumulate within synaptic terminals of autonomic fibres of the skin in Parkinson’s disease for the first time. This finding endorses the hypothesis that α-synuclein oligomers could be used as a reliable diagnostic biomarker for Parkinson’s disease. It also offers novel insights into the physiological and pathological roles of α-synuclein in the peripheral nervous system.

scholarly journals Early Postural Instability in Parkinson’s Disease: A Biomechanical Analysis of the Pull Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Ricardo Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Grandas
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Pull Force ◽  
Pull Test ◽  
Postural Responses

Postural instability in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is commonly assessed by the pull test. This clinical test may be biased by the variability of the pull force applied. Our objective was to study the postural responses elicited by reproducible pull forces in healthy subjects and PD patients at different stages of the disease. We performed a multimodal approach that included a systematic analysis of the pull force needed to reach the backward limit of stability (FBLoS) assessed by mechanically produced forces, the displacements of the center of pressure (CoP) recorded on a force platform, and the latencies and patterns of activation of the stabilizing muscles. Comparisons between groups were performed by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Sixty-four healthy subjects and 32 PD patients, 22 Hoehn–Yahr (H–Y) stages I-II and 10 H–Y stage III, were studied. In healthy subjects, FBLoS decreased with aging and was lower in females. Mean (SD) FBLoS was 98.1 (48.9) Newtons (N) in healthy subjects, 70.5 (39.8) N in PD patients H–Y stages I-II, and 37.7 (18.9) N in PD patients H–Y stage III. Compared to healthy subjects and when adjusted for age and gender, PD patients H–Y stages I-II exhibited the following: (a) a reduced FBLoS; (b) larger CoP displacements and higher velocities for the same applied force; and (c) combined ankle and hip strategies elicited by less intense pull forces. All of these abnormalities were more pronounced in H–Y stage III PD patients compared to H–Y stages I-II PD patients. In conclusion, patients in the early stages of PD already exhibit a degree of postural instability due to inefficient postural adjustments, and they can more easily be destabilized by small perturbations than healthy subjects. This balance impairment becomes more pronounced in more advanced PD. In the pull test, pull force to step back should be a variable to consider when testing balance in clinical practice.

248 FIRST TRIAL REACTIONS AND HABITUATION RATES IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. S71 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Nanhoe-Mahabier ◽  
J.H.J. Allum ◽  
L.B. OudeNijhuis ◽  
S. Overeem ◽  
B.R. Bloem
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects
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