Chromatin and cell surface receptors mediate melanoma cell growth response to nerve growth factor

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa M. Rakowicz-Szulczynska ◽  
Usha Reddy ◽  
Andrzej Vorbrodt ◽  
Dorothee Herlyn ◽  
Hilary Koprowski
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Melanoma Cell ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Cell Surface Receptors ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Surface Receptors

A serological assay for the detection of cell surface receptors of nerve growth factor

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Zimmermann ◽  
Arne Sutter ◽  
John Samuelson ◽  
Eric M. Shooter
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Cell Surface Receptors ◽  
Serological Assay ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Surface Receptors

scholarly journals Vav Family Proteins Couple to Diverse Cell Surface Receptors

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 6364-6373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri L. Moores ◽  
Laura M. Selfors ◽  
Jessica Fredericks ◽  
Timo Breit ◽  
Keiko Fujikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Cell Surface Receptors ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Downstream Signaling

ABSTRACT Vav proteins are guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho family GTPases which activate pathways leading to actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and transcriptional alterations. Vav proteins contain several protein binding domains which can link cell surface receptors to downstream signaling proteins. Vav1 is expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells and tyrosine phosphorylated in response to activation of multiple cell surface receptors. However, it is not known whether the recently identified isoforms Vav2 and Vav3, which are broadly expressed, can couple with similar classes of receptors, nor is it known whether all Vav isoforms possess identical functional activities. We expressed Vav1, Vav2, and Vav3 at equivalent levels to directly compare the responses of the Vav proteins to receptor activation. Although each Vav isoform was tyrosine phosphorylated upon activation of representative receptor tyrosine kinases, integrin, and lymphocyte antigen receptors, we found unique aspects of Vav protein coupling in each receptor pathway. Each Vav protein coprecipitated with activated epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, and multiple phosphorylated tyrosine residues on the PDGF receptor were able to mediate Vav2 tyrosine phosphorylation. Integrin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav proteins was not detected in nonhematopoietic cells unless the protein tyrosine kinase Syk was also expressed, suggesting that integrin activation of Vav proteins may be restricted to cell types that express particular tyrosine kinases. In addition, we found that Vav1, but not Vav2 or Vav3, can efficiently cooperate with T-cell receptor signaling to enhance NFAT-dependent transcription, while Vav1 and Vav3, but not Vav2, can enhance NFκB-dependent transcription. Thus, although each Vav isoform can respond to similar cell surface receptors, there are isoform-specific differences in their activation of downstream signaling pathways.

Signalling through Class I PI3Ks in mammalian cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T. Hawkins ◽  
K.E. Anderson ◽  
K. Davidson ◽  
L.R. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cell Surface Receptors ◽  
Activity Class ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Pi3k Signalling

It is now accepted that activation of Class I PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases) is one of the most important signal transduction pathways used by cell-surface receptors to control intracellular events. The receptors which access this pathway include those that recognize growth factors, hormones, antigens and inflammatory stimuli, and the cellular events known to be regulated include cell growth, survival, proliferation and movement. We have learnt a great deal about the family of Class I PI3K enzymes themselves and the structural adaptations which allow a variety of cell-surface receptors to regulate their activity. Class I PI3Ks synthesize the phospholipid PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in the membranes in which they are activated, and it is now accepted that PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and its dephosphorylation product PtdIns(3,4)P2 are messenger molecules which regulate the localization and function of multiple effectors by binding to their specific PH (pleckstrin homology) domains. The number of direct PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/PtdIns(3,4)P2 effectors which exist, even within a single cell, creates an extremely complex signalling web downstream of PI3K activation. Some key players are beginning to emerge, however, linking PI3K activity to specific cellular responses. These include small GTPases for the Rho and Arf families which regulate the cytoskeletal and membrane rearrangements required for cell movement, and PKB (protein kinase B), which has important regulatory inputs into the regulation of cell-cycle progression and survival. The importance of the PI3K signalling pathway in regulating the balance of decisions in cell growth, proliferation and survival is clear from the prevalence of oncogenes (e.g. PI3Kα) and tumour suppressors [e.g. the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 3-phosphatase, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10)] found in this pathway. The recent availability of transgenic mouse models with engineered defects in Class I PI3K signalling pathways, and the development of PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors by both academic and pharmaceutical research has highlighted the importance of specific isoforms of PI3K in whole-animal physiology and pathology, e.g. PI3Kα in growth and metabolic regulation, PI3Kβ in thrombosis, and PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ in inflammation and asthma. Thus the Class I PI3K signalling pathway is emerging as an exciting new area for the development of novel therapeutics.

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