scholarly journals Active microbial ecosystem in glacier basal ice fuelled by iron and silicate comminution‐derived hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Toubes‐Rodrigo ◽  
Sanja Potgieter‐Vermaak ◽  
Robin Sen ◽  
Edda S. Oddsdóttir ◽  
David Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Basal Ice

scholarly journals Basal water and high-pressure basal ice

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (113) ◽  
pp. 131-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weertman
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Basal Ice

scholarly journals PROBIOTIC INFANT CEREAL IMPROVES CHILDREŃS GUT MICROBIOTA: INSIGHTS USING THE SIMULATOR OF HUMAN INTESTINAL MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEM (SHIME®)

2021 ◽  
pp. 110292
Author(s):  
Mateus Kawata Salgaço ◽  
Natália Partis Perina ◽  
Thaís Moreno Tomé ◽  
Elaine Mosquera ◽  
Tamara Lazarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem

scholarly journals Oral–Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
Se-Young Park ◽  
Byeong-Oh Hwang ◽  
Mihwa Lim ◽  
Seung-Ho Ok ◽  
Sun-Kyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Interaction ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

It is well-known that microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with numerous diseases in the human body. The oral cavity and gut are the two largest microbial habitats, playing a major role in microbiome-associated diseases. Even though the oral cavity and gut are continuous regions connected through the gastrointestinal tract, the oral and gut microbiome profiles are well-segregated due to the oral–gut barrier. However, the oral microbiota can translocate to the intestinal mucosa in conditions of the oral–gut barrier dysfunction. Inversely, the gut-to-oral microbial transmission occurs as well in inter- and intrapersonal manners. Recently, it has been reported that oral and gut microbiomes interdependently regulate physiological functions and pathological processes. Oral-to-gut and gut-to-oral microbial transmissions can shape and/or reshape the microbial ecosystem in both habitats, eventually modulating pathogenesis of disease. However, the oral–gut microbial interaction in pathogenesis has been underappreciated to date. Here, we will highlight the oral–gut microbiome crosstalk and its implications in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal disease and cancer. Better understanding the role of the oral–gut microbiome axis in pathogenesis will be advantageous for precise diagnosis/prognosis and effective treatment.

scholarly journals Discharge of debris from ice at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (161) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Knight ◽  
Richard I. Waller ◽  
Carrie J. Patterson ◽  
Alison P. Jones ◽  
Zoe P. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Outlet Glacier ◽  
Tidewater Glaciers ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Basal Ice ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Sediment Transfer ◽  
A Minor

AbstractSediment production at a terrestrial section of the ice-sheet margin in West Greenland is dominated by debris released through the basal ice layer. The debris flux through the basal ice at the margin is estimated to be 12–45 m3 m−1 a−1. This is three orders of magnitude higher than that previously reported for East Antarctica, an order of magnitude higher than sites reported from in Norway, Iceland and Switzerland, but an order of magnitude lower than values previously reported from tidewater glaciers in Alaska and other high-rate environments such as surging glaciers. At our site, only negligible amounts of debris are released through englacial, supraglacial or subglacial sediment transfer. Glaciofluvial sediment production is highly localized, and long sections of the ice-sheet margin receive no sediment from glaciofluvial sources. These findings differ from those of studies at more temperate glacial settings where glaciofluvial routes are dominant and basal ice contributes only a minor percentage of the debris released at the margin. These data on debris flux through the terrestrial margin of an outlet glacier contribute to our limited knowledge of debris production from the Greenland ice sheet.

scholarly journals Direct Measurement of Stress at the Base of a Glacier

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (86) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Boulton ◽  
E. M. Morris ◽  
A. A. Armstrong ◽  
A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Basal Ice ◽  
Debris Particles ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Pressure Changes

AbstractContact stress transducers were placed in subglacial bedrock and used to monitor continuously shear stress and normal pressure changes at the contact with the overriding glacier sole 100 m beneath the surface of the Glacier d’Argentière during periods in summer 1973 and spring 1975. The measured fluctuations in normal pressure and shear stress do not appear to be related to changes in sliding velocity. Analysis of the data reveals short-term fluctuations in normal pressure and shear stress which appear to be related to the passage of individual large debris particles or groups of particles over the transducer. The shear stress appears to be a function of the volume concentration of debris in the ice. The volume concentration at any point appears to be partially dependent on a “streaming” process by which basal debris-rich ice tends to flow around the lateral flanks of hummocks on the glacier bed. Where sub-glacial cavities occur, this streaming effect appears to be dependent on the extent of cavitation and thus on ice overburden pressure and velocity. It is suggested that this process can account for an apparent lag between changes in normal pressure and shear stress.The maximum ratio between shear and normal stress averaged over a period of 10 min was 0.44. This is equivalent to a spatial average over 0.3 cm. Debris concentrations in basal ice of up to 43% by volume occurred. It is suggested that concentrations of this order are common at the base of temperate glaciers and thus that a significant part of the drag at the base of a glacier may be contributed by frictional interactions between the basal-debris load and the bed.

scholarly journals Advances in microbial ecosystem concepts and their consequences for ruminant agriculture

animal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Edwards ◽  
S.A. Huws ◽  
E.J. Kim ◽  
M.R.F. Lee ◽  
A.H. Kingston-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecosystem

Role of glaciohydraulic supercooling in the formation of stratified facies basal ice: Svínafellsjökull and Skaftafellsjökull, southeast Iceland

Boreas ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON J. COOK ◽  
ZOE P. ROBINSON ◽  
IAN J. FAIRCHILD ◽  
PETER G. KNIGHT ◽  
RICHARD I. WALLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ice

scholarly journals Site information and initial results from deep ice drilling on Law Dome, Antarctica

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (143) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Morgan ◽  
C.W. Wookey ◽  
J. Li ◽  
T.D. van Ommen ◽  
W. Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Basal Ice ◽  
Inland Ice ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractThe aim of deep ice drilling on Law Dome, Antarctica, has been to exploit the special characteristics of Law Dome summit, i.e. low temperature and high accumulation near an ice divide, to obtain a high-resolution ice core for climatic/environmental studies of the Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Drilling was completed in February 1993, when basal ice containing small fragments of rock was reached at a depth of 1196 m. Accurate ice dating, obtained by counting annual layers revealed by fine-detail δ18О, peroxide and electrical-conductivity measurements, is continuous down to 399 m, corresponding to a date of AD 1304. Sulphate concentration measurements, made around depths where conductivity tracing indicates volcanic fallout, allow confirmation of the dating (for Agung in 1963 and Tambora in 1815) or estimates of the eruption date from the ice dating (for the Kuwae, Vanuatu, eruption ~1457). The lower part of the core is dated by extrapolating the layer-counting using a simple model of the ice flow. At the LGM, ice-fabric measurements show a large decrease (250 to 14 mm2) in crystal size and a narrow maximum in c-axis vertically. The main zone of strong single-pole fabrics however, is located higher up in a broad zone around 900 m. Oxygen-isotope (δ18O) measurements show Holocene ice down to 1113 m, the LGM at 1133 m and warm (δ18O) about the same as Holocene) ice near the base of the ice sheet. The LGM/Holocene δ18O shift of 7.0‰, only ~1‰ larger than for Vostok, indicates that Law Dome remained an independent ice cap and was not overridden by the inland ice sheet in the Glacial.

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