RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization Kinetics, 1 - Polymerization Rate

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Tobita
Keyword(s):  
Miniemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Kinetics ◽  
Polymerization Rate

The effect of electrondonors on the polymerization kinetics of isoprene

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3338-3346
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kašpar ◽  
Jiří Trekoval
Keyword(s):  
Induction Period ◽  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Polymerization Kinetics ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Of

The effect of small additions of 1-octene, butyl ethyl ether and triethylamine on the polymerization kinetics of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) in benzene initiated with butyllithium was investigated by employing the GLC analysis. The addition of 1-octane was reflected only in a shorter induction period of the reaction; the effect on the propagation rate was insignificant. With the increasing amount of butyl ethyl ether, the polymerization rate increases linearly, while the reaction order with respect to the concentration of triethylamine is variable and increases from 0.33 to 0.66 with the increasing concentration of the initiator. For a constant concentration of triethylamine, the reaction order with respect to the initial concentration of the initiator was found to vary considerably, reaching even negative values. A reaction scheme was suggested, taking into account the competition between two different solvates of alkyllithium.

Decrease of methyl methacrylate miniemulsion polymerization rate with incorporation of plant oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Costa ◽  
Manfred Wagner ◽  
Anna Musyanovych ◽  
Katharina Landfester ◽  
Claudia Sayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Miniemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Plant Oils

scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymerization Kinetics of Cyanoacrylate Embolic Glues for Vascular Embolization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3362
Author(s):  
Yongjiang Li ◽  
Lei Xiao ◽  
Zian Wang ◽  
Kejie Chen ◽  
Chundong Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymerization Kinetics ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Iodized Oil ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Kinetics Of

Endovascular glue embolization is a minimally invasive technique used to selectively reduce or block the blood supply to specific targeted vessels. Cyanoacrylate glues, mixed with radiopaque iodized oil, have been widely used for vascular embolization owing to their rapid polymerization rate, good penetration ability and low tissue toxicity. Nevertheless, in clinical practice, the selection of the glue–oil proportion and the manual injection process of mixtures are mostly based on empirical knowledge of operators, as the crucial physicochemical effect of polymerization kinetics has rarely been quantitatively investigated. In this study, the Raman spectroscopy is used for studying the polymerization kinetics of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate-based glues mixed with an iodized oil. To simulate the polymerization process during embolization, glue–oil mixtures upon contact with a protein ionic solution mimicking blood plasma are manually constructed and their polymerization kinetics are systematically characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrate the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy in the characterization of polymerization kinetics of cyanoacrylate-based embolic glues. The polymerization process of cyanoacrylate-based mixtures consists of a fast polymerization phase followed by a slow phase. The propagation velocity and polymerization time primarily depend on the glue concentrations. The commonly used 50% mixture polymerizes 1 mm over ∼21.8 s, while it takes ∼51 min to extend to 5 mm. The results provide essential information for interventional radiologists to help them understand the polymerization kinetics of embolic glues and thus regulate the polymerization rate for effective embolization.

scholarly journals Hydrophobic composite resins using a novel allylic urethane monomer as additive

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Abraham González-López ◽  
Alma Antonia Pérez-Mondragón ◽  
Carlos E. Cuevas-Suárez ◽  
Juan Coreño Alonso ◽  
Nayely Trejo-Carbajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Polymerization Kinetics ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Matrix System ◽  
Control Material ◽  
Hydrophobic Behavior

The purpose of this study is to report the formulation of photopolymerizable composites resins with hydrophobic behavior using a new urethane monomer (ETODC) as additive. The ETODC monomer was used together with Bis-GMA and TEGDMA to formulate a new organic matrix system. Mechanical and hydrophobic behavior were studied, also volumetric shrinkage, viscosity, polymerization kinetics and cytotoxicity were analyzed. Results were compared with a control resin prepared with Bis-GMA and TEGDMA. The results show that mechanical properties and volumetric shrinkage did not present statistical differences between the studied groups. When compared with the control material, the experimental resin formulated with the ETODC monomer showed higher hydrophobic behavior and higher values of degree of conversion and polymerization rate.

Deterministic Modeling of Degenerative RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization Rate and Average Polymer Characteristics: Invalidity of Zero–One Nature at Higher Monomer Conversions

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (23) ◽  
pp. 9442-9461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries J. G. Devlaminck ◽  
Paul H. M. Van Steenberge ◽  
Marie-Françoise Reyniers ◽  
Dagmar R. D’hooge
Keyword(s):  
Miniemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Deterministic Modeling
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