Styrene polymerization by ziegler-natta catalysts based on bis(salicylaldiminate)nickel(II) complexes and methyl aluminoxane

2004 ◽  
Vol 213 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Carlini ◽  
Alessandro Macinai ◽  
Anna Maria Raspolli Galletti ◽  
Glauco Sbrana
Keyword(s):  
Styrene Polymerization ◽  
Methyl Aluminoxane ◽  
Ziegler Natta Catalysts

The Use of Styrenes as Embedding Media for Electron Microscopy

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
Edward D. De-Lamater ◽  
Eric Johnson ◽  
Thad Schoen ◽  
Cecil Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Styrene Polymerization ◽  
Radical Initiation ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Free Radical Initiation

Monomeric styrenes are demonstrated as excellent embedding media for electron microscopy. Monomeric styrene has extremely low viscosity and low surface tension (less than 1) affording extremely rapid penetration into the specimen. Spurr's Medium based on ERL-4206 (J.Ultra. Research 26, 31-43, 1969) is viscous, requiring gradual infiltration with increasing concentrations. Styrenes are soluble in alcohol and acetone thus fitting well into the usual dehydration procedures. Infiltration with styrene may be done directly following complete dehydration without dilution.Monomeric styrenes are usually inhibited from polymerization by a catechol, in this case, tertiary butyl catechol. Styrene polymerization is activated by Methyl Ethyl Ketone peroxide, a liquid, and probably acts by overcoming the inhibition of the catechol, acting as a source of free radical initiation.Polymerization is carried out either by a temperature of 60°C. or under ultraviolet light with wave lengths of 3400-4000 Engstroms; polymerization stops on removal from the ultraviolet light or heat and is therefore controlled by the length of exposure.

Organosilane Effects on Organotitanium-Catalyzed Styrene Polymerization

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2960-2963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smruti B. Amin ◽  
Tobin J. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Styrene Polymerization

(ArO)TiR3 complexes for highly syndiospecific styrene polymerization

2014 ◽  
Vol 383-384 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongjie Xu ◽  
Zhou Chen ◽  
Gang Ji ◽  
Xiu-Li Sun ◽  
Jun-Fang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Styrene Polymerization

Crystalline magnesium chloride–electron donor complexes: new support materials for Ziegler–Natta catalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 4452-4460 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Nissinen ◽  
I. O. Koshevoy ◽  
T. T. Pakkanen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Donor Ligands ◽  
Nitrogen Donor Ligands ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Polymerization Catalyst ◽  
Nitrogen Donor ◽  
Crystal Structure Formation ◽  
Ziegler Natta Catalysts

Chelating oxygen and nitrogen donor ligands (1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dimethoxypropane, and N,N′-diethylethylenediamine) are found to dictate the crystal structure formation of MgCl2, the important support component of a polymerization catalyst.

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