Attacking from the Flank – Limits on the Ability of Unions to Engage in Secondary Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Activity

scholarly journals Structure based protein engineering to confer selectivity of guanine deaminase

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C437-C437
Author(s):  
Aruna Bitra ◽  
Ruchi Anand
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Active Site Residues ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Activity ◽  
Guanine Deaminase ◽  
Differential Selectivity

Guanine deaminases (GDs) are important enzymes involved in both purine metabolism and nucleotide anabolism pathways. Here we present the molecular and catalytic mechanism of NE0047 and use the information obtained to engineer specific enzyme activities. NE0047 from Nitrosomonas europaea was found to be a high fidelity guanine deaminase (catalytic efficiency of 1.2 × 105 M–1 s–1). However; it exhibited secondary activity towards the structurally non-analogous triazine based compound ammeline. The X-ray structure of NE0047 in the presence of the substrate analogue 8-azaguanine help establish that the enzyme exists as a biological dimer and both the proper closure of the C-terminal loop and cross talk via the dimeric interface is crucial for conferring catalytic activity. It was further ascertained that the highly conserved active site residues Glu79 and Glu143 facilitate the deamination reaction by serving as proton shuttles. Moreover, to understand the structural basis of dual substrate specificity, X-ray structures of NE0047 in complex with a series of nucleobase analogs, nucleosides and substrate ammeline were determined. The crystal structures demonstrated that any substitutions in the parent substrates results in the rearrangement of the ligand in a catalytically unfavorable orientation and also impede the closure of catalytically important loop, thereby abrogating activity. However, ammeline was able to adopt a catalytically favorable orientation which, also allowed for proper loop closure. Based on the above knowledge of the crystal structures and the catalytic mechanism, the active site was subsequently engineered to fine-tune NE0047 activity. The mutated versions of the enzyme were designed so that they can function either exclusively as a GD or serve as specific ammeline deaminases. For example, mutations in the active site E143D and N66A confer the enzyme to be an unambiguous GD with no secondary activity towards ammeline. On the other hand, the N66Q mutant of NE0047 only deaminates ammeline. Additionally, a series of crystal structures of the mutant versions were solved that shed light on the structural basis of this differential selectivity.

The professional backgrounds of translation scholars. Report on a survey

Target ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Torres-Simón ◽  
Anthony Pym
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Secondary Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
One Year

A survey of 305 translation scholars shows that some 96 percent of them have translated or interpreted “on a regular basis,” with translation/interpreting being or having been a main or secondary activity for 43 percent of the scholars. Translation scholars would also seem to be particularly mobile (71 percent have spent more than one year in a country other than their own) and come from diverse academic and professional backgrounds (33 percent were not engaged in translation and interpreting in their mid-twenties). These figures indicate that translation scholars not only have considerable practical experience of translation but also come from a wide range of occupational and cultural backgrounds. Asked about desirable relations between scholarly work and professional practice, respondents indicated benefits for both sides (although a slight majority stressed a unidirectional relationship where scholarly work benefits from professional practice), and teaching is often indicated as the link between the two. However, about a quarter of the scholars indicated that there need not be a relationship between scholarship and professional practice.

Aboriginal Secondary Activity Group

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
J. Glennon
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Alternative Curriculum ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Secondary Activity ◽  
Present Role

(Mr Glennon provides a description of a project, funded by the Schools Commission, which will commence in 1978…Ed.)I have now completed three years as Aboriginal Remedial and Supportive Teacher at Cleveland St. Boys High School. I have come to the decision that while my present role is worthwhile, the numbers of students at the school whom I do not reach are an alarming and significant proportion. These children are the ‘chronic truants’ some of whom have spent as little as two days in an entire year at school. These children invariably (I shall cite specific cases later) end up before the Childrens Court at Yasmar and thence are sent to institutions. The charges levelled at these boys range from truancy, through petty crimes to breaking and entry, and assault and robbery. In ninety per cent of the cases that I have been associated with the offences were committed during school hours.As the cases over a period of time have been so consistent and cover boys of all academic calibre, there can be no doubt that an alternative curriculum must be developed for these children.

English EU terminology in Serbian

English Today ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Violeta Stojičić
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Source Term ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Secondary Activity ◽  
Single Text ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Eu

The process of aligning Serbian legislation with the legislation of the EU has stimulated the creation of a large body of specialized lexis and the modernization of the existing lexicon. In this paper, I discuss the linguistic mechanisms of contact-induced secondary term creation processes in the Serbian language within the scope of EU legislation and activities under the influence of English. Regarding the standardization of EU legislation terminology, Peruzzo (2012: 177) explores the need for the uniformity of terminology within every language in the EU. Namely, every language should be allowed ‘normative flexibility’ in adopting EU legislative provisions, but should also guarantee the maximum degree of uniform interpretation and the terms used should be clear, simple and precise. This means that in every EU language, consistent use of uniform terminology is of vital importance not only within a single text, but also across different texts related to the same issue. Fischer (2010: 28) observes two steps in the creation of terms in the EU: (1) terms are created in the dominating languages, predominantly in the procedural languages of English, French and German, and (2) they are translated into all other languages. She concludes that in most languages terms are created on the basis of a source term by translation, and that the creation of EU terminology can be described as a process in which (1) multilingual primary term-creation for the dominant languages is followed by (2) a secondary activity, intra-conceptual term-transfer for most other languages.

A Survey of Secondary Activities of Telephone Callers Who Are Put on Hold

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (18) ◽  
pp. 1153-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Kortum ◽  
S. Camille Peres
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Telephone Call ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Secondary Activity ◽  
Different Types

This paper examines the results of a study conducted to determine what types of secondary activities callers engage in when they are placed on hold in a telephone call setting. One hundred and one participants were surveyed in order to determine if they performed secondary tasks while on hold, and if so, the types of activities engaged in and the relative amount of time they spent on those activities. Results showed that 79% of callers engaged in some form of secondary activity while on hold. These activities were diverse, with the majority of participants reporting 8 different types of secondary activities. The data from this study will help researchers and IVR designers understand the types of secondary tasks in which callers engage and allow them to design on-hold stimuli that support multi-tasking and enable them to more accurately construct experiments to reflect real world conditions.

scholarly journals Occurrence of anti Sarcocystis spp., anti Toxoplasma gondii, and anti Neospora spp. antibodies in equines from western Santa Catarina, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽  
pp. 1663-1672
Author(s):  
Alana Birck Ribeiro ◽  
◽  
Maysa Bigolin Chitolina ◽  
Andressa Carminatti ◽  
Fagner D'ambroso Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis ◽  
High Occurrence ◽  
Secondary Activity ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
Reproductive Losses

Equine raising is generally articulated as a secondary activity on farms, where animals are used for leisure or work. Thus, it is important to consider the health of these animals, seeking to understand which are the main agents that circulate in a given farm or region. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the presence of IgG anti-Sarcocystis spp., anti-Toxoplasma gondii, and anti-Neospora spp. antibodies in equines in western Santa Catarina, Brazil. A total of 100 serum samples from horses from 10 farms, located in the municipalities of Faxinal dos Guedes, Xaxim, and Xanxerê were analyzed from June to December 2019. The samples were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIFR) to detect antibodies of IgG class against the three agents. The results showed that the equines in the region are seropositive against the three studied agents, 11% of which for Sarcocystis spp. 21% for T. gondii, and 20% for Neospora spp. The analysis of the presence of these protozoa in different environments showed that both stabled and extensively raised horses presented signs of contact with the studied agents. Animals that live only in stables had a higher occurrence of IgG anti-Sarcocystis (7/32; 21.88%) and anti-T. gondii (11/32; 34.38%) antibodies. The evaluating of animals raised on pasture, semi-extensively and extensively, showed a higher percentage of seropositivity for N. caninum (9/34; 26.47%). The high occurrence of animals seropositive to the studied protozoa reinforces the importance of controlling and preventing these agents in the region, as they have the potential to cause a high impact on equid farming, mainly involving reproductive losses and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM).

scholarly journals Strategi Komodifikasi Budaya dalam Ritual Yaa Qowiyyu pada Masyarakat Jatinom, Klaten

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nur Quma Laila ◽  
Saifuddin Zuhri Qudsy
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Activity

Yaa Qowiyyu sebagai ritual agama tidak lagi bermuatan nilai agama namun juga sarat akan nilai ekonomi-politik. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana nilai ekonomi beroperasi di dalam ritual Yaa Qowiyyu dan bagaimana strategi para agensi dalam mempromosikan Yaa Qowiyyu sehingga mendatangkan nilai ekonomi. Dalam artikel ini, data primer dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi sementara data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur dengan membaca literatur yang sesuai dengan topik penelitian. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dikategorisasikan dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan perspektif ekonomi-politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan ritual Yaa Qowiyyu yang berdasarkan pada kebijakan pariwisata berimplikasi luas pada proses komodifikasi budaya. Komodifikasi budaya dalam ritual Yaa Qowiyyu merupakan secondary activity yang mampu menjadi penggerak perekonomian masyarakat.  

Light-on Effects and the Question of Bimodality in the Circadian Flight Activity of the Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
M. D. R. JONES ◽  
C. M. CUBBIN ◽  
D. MARSH
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Secondary Activity ◽  
Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Effect Of Light

1. The pattern of non-specific flight activity in Anopheles gambiae females appears to be bimodal, with an initial peak followed by about 12 h of secondary activity, with a maximum 6-10 h after the main peak. 2. The secondary activity is more apparent when the activity level is high, and can account for over 60% of the total activity. When D < 12 h activity is curtailed by the inhibitory effect of light, but there may be a minor peak in the light period, 8-9 h after light-off. 3. The main peak normally follows light-off, but is delayed in LD 3:21 and 1:23. 4. There may also be a peak at light-on if it is abrupt and occurs during the active half of the cycle. The peak is not observed if the light-intensity is changed slowly.

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