Tough, Stimuli-Responsive, and Biocompatible Hydrogels with Very High Water Content

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (23) ◽  
pp. 1800474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqi Liu ◽  
Shuai Lu ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
Chen Jiao ◽  
Jianan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Farmer Group of Cabe Bakul (Lada Katokkon) in Rantepao District, North Toraja Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
A. Sry Iryani ◽  
Agustina Deka Minggu Bali
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
High Water ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Chili Powder ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Very High

Chili is one of the most important foods for traditional Indonesian food. One of the chilies that have a very high Scoville rating from Toraja Utara and Tana Toraja is Cabe Bakul or Lada Katokkon. This chili is different from other peppers ranging from the shape that resembles a pabrika but the size is small, it is sweet taste turned hot and good smelled. . The disadvantage of this chili is the condition of chilies that have a very high water content so it is easy to rot and wrestle so that the price quickly goes down and sometimes thrown away. To avoid the problem, the team proposes to process chili into a product but does not change the taste, color, and smell. This activity helps the chili farmers to process their crops into processed products that have higher economic value. There are two types of products produced are Chili powder (Bon Cabe) and sauce. Chili sauce is made there are four variants of flavors are: original, onion, terasi, and fish. Through this training, the farmer group partners can cultivate the harvest and its products can compete in the Toraja market and outside Toraja. Abstrak Cabe merupakan salah satu makanan terpenting untuk makanan tradisional Indonesia. Salah satu cabai yang memiliki rating Scoville sangat tinggi dari Toraja Utara dan Tana Toraja adalah Cabe Bakul atau Cabe Katokkon. Cabe ini berbeda dengan cabe lainnya mulai dari bentuknya yang menyerupai pabrika namun ukurannya kecil, rasanya manis berubah menjadi panas dan harum. Kekurangan dari cabe ini adalah kondisi buah cabe yang memiliki kandungan air yang sangat tinggi sehingga mudah membusuk dan bergelut sehingga harganya cepat turun dan kadang dibuang begitu saja. Untuk menghindari masalah tersebut, tim mengusulkan untuk mengolah cabe menjadi sebuah produk namun tidak merubah rasa, warna dan baunya. Kegiatan ini membantu petani cabe mengolah hasil panennya menjadi produk olahan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi lebih tinggi. Ada dua jenis produk yang dihasilkan yaitu bubuk cabe (Bon Cabe) dan saos. Kuah sambal yang dibuat ada empat varian rasa yaitu: original, bawang, terasi dan ikan. Melalui pelatihan ini para mitra kelompok tani dapat membudidayakan hasil panen dan produknya dapat bersaing di pasar Toraja dan luar Toraja.

STUDIES IN TREE PHYSIOLOGY: I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION. WATER CONTENTS OF CERTAIN CANADIAN TREES

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (12) ◽  
pp. 460-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Darnley Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
White Pine ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Very High ◽  
Considerable Loss ◽  
Water Contents

Previous work by the author on the water contents of Canadian trees is reviewed and followed by a brief discussion of questions yet to be answered.In Betula alba v. papyrifera, in at least the young parts of B. alba v. pendula laciniata, in B. populifolia, and in several sizes of Populus tremuloides, there is a marked seasonal rhythm in water content. The maximum is at leaf opening, the minimum at leaf fall. In poplar but not in birch there is a very high water content in December. During winter a considerable loss of water may occur. A winter loss is shown also by the wood of hemlock and larch and by twigs and leaves of white pine and hemlock. Losses from leaves are surprisingly small.The behaviour of B. populifolia has been studied for more than three years, and differences have been correlated with observations on weather conditions. Experimental work on movement of water in this species during winter is inconclusive. This work continues.

Behavior of Mexico City clay subjected to undrained repeated loading

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Abraham Diaz-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
High Water ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Very High

This note describes a series of cyclic triaxial tests on undisturbed soil samples of Mexico City clay, obtained near the SCT building. The site is a silty clay deposit of a very high water content and soft consistency. The material exhibits elastic behavior in spite of its very high water content. Three empirical relationships describing an equivalent Young's modulus, an equivalent damping ratio, and a cyclic stress level, associated with cyclic strain level, were obtained. Test results define two different patterns of strength loss. Key words: undrained strength, repeated load, clay, modulus, damping, Mexico City.

Water Relations in an Insect, Thermobia Domestica

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-448
Author(s):  
A. Y. K. OKASHA
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Thermobia Domestica ◽  
Moulting Cycle ◽  
Very High

1. Water uptake is not inhibited by centrifugation, exposure to 45 °C, burning of the integument or by submergence in water for 1 h. 2. Repeated desiccation followed by rehydration does not inhibit water uptake. This, however, results in insects with an extremely high water content. 3. Starvation also results in insects with a very high water content, the latter depending on the length of starvation, and also results in the depletion of dry matter. 4. Desiccation followed by rehydration does not result in any loss in dry matter additional to that caused by starvation. 5. The ability to rehydrate of insects desiccated at various stages of the moulting cycle is described. It is concluded that at the later stages of the moulting cycle water uptake ceases. 6. The results are discussed in the light of current theories of the uptake mechanism. It is suggested that the uptake mechanism is primarily concerned with volume regulation. 7. It is also suggested that anal blockage, which is known to arrest uptake, results in a nervous inhibition bringing about such an effect, rather than the rectum being the site of uptake.

Evaporative water loss and the role of cocoon formation in Australian frogs

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
High Water ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

Measurements of evaporative water loss (EWL; mg min-1) and resistance (R; sec cm-1) for various Australian frogs indicate three general allometric patterns: non-cocooned and non-‘waterproof’ frogs with EWL ∝ Mass0.30 and R independent of body mass at about 1–3 sec cm-1, cocooned frogs with EWL reduced about 50–200-fold and R about 50–200 sec cm-1, and ‘waterproof’ frogs with EWL reduced about 5–100- fold and R about 5–100 sec cm-1. Cocooned frogs have an exponential reduction in EWL and fairly linear increase in R over time, corresponding to the temporal addition of layers to the cocoon. The biophysical properties of cocoon are generally similar for various species, although there is some variation in both resistance per thickness (5–20 × 104 s cm-2) and diffusion coefficient (0.4–2.4 × 10 –5 cm2 s-1). The hygroscopic property of frog cocoon resembles that of mammalian stratum corneum, hair and wool, and mucopolysaccharides; there is a slight increase in water content of cocoon over a wide range of humidities but a very steep increase in water content and substantial hydration and swelling at >96% RH. This extreme hygroscopic behaviour of frog cocoon at very high RH may reflect less polymer cross-linking in frog cocoon and its high digestibility. The prevention of over-hydration of frog cocoon in vivo may be attributed to the restriction of high water content to only very high RH (>96%).

Hydrogels as Antibacterial Biomaterials

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 843-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Xu ◽  
Shujun Dong ◽  
Yuping Han ◽  
Shuqiang Li ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Biomedical Field

Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and solid-like mechanical properties. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a research hotspot in biomedical field. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels have been developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs and structural diversity. In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical researches and clinical applications are predicted.

Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Imaging for Embedded Explosives Detection in High-Water Content Medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 4803-4810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Wang ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
Yexian Qin ◽  
Ahmed H. Abdelrahman ◽  
Russell S. Witte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Explosives Detection ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Thermoacoustic Imaging

scholarly journals Deep mantle melting, global water circulation and its implications for the stability of the ocean mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-ichiro Karato ◽  
Bijaya Karki ◽  
Jeffrey Park
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Mantle Melting ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Mineral Physics ◽  
Deep Mantle ◽  
Global Water

AbstractOceans on Earth are present as a result of dynamic equilibrium between degassing and regassing through the interaction with Earth’s interior. We review mineral physics, geophysical, and geochemical studies related to the global water circulation and conclude that the water content has a peak in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) with a value of 0.1–1 wt% (with large regional variations). When water-rich MTZ materials are transported out of the MTZ, partial melting occurs. Vertical direction of melt migration is determined by the density contrast between the melts and coexisting minerals. Because a density change associated with a phase transformation occurs sharply for a solid but more gradually for a melt, melts formed above the phase transformation depth are generally heavier than solids, whereas melts formed below the transformation depth are lighter than solids. Consequently, hydrous melts formed either above or below the MTZ return to the MTZ, maintaining its high water content. However, the MTZ water content cannot increase without limit. The melt-solid density contrast above the 410 km depends on the temperature. In cooler regions, melting will occur only in the presence of very water-rich materials. Melts produced in these regions have high water content and hence can be buoyant above the 410 km, removing water from the MTZ. Consequently, cooler regions of melting act as a water valve to maintain the water content of the MTZ near its threshold level (~ 0.1–1.0 wt%). Mass-balance considerations explain the observed near-constant sea-level despite large fluctuations over Earth history. Observations suggesting deep-mantle melting are reviewed including the presence of low-velocity anomalies just above and below the MTZ and geochemical evidence for hydrous melts formed in the MTZ. However, the interpretation of long-term sea-level change and the role of deep mantle melting in the global water circulation are non-unique and alternative models are reviewed. Possible future directions of studies on the global water circulation are proposed including geodynamic modeling, mineral physics and observational studies, and studies integrating results from different disciplines.

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