On melodic contour and number preferences: The effects of musical melody on the processing of numerical information

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1019-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Coulter ◽  
Rajneesh Suri
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Information ◽  
Melodic Contour

Representing and using numerical information.

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McCloskey ◽  
Paul Macaruso
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Information

Numerical Information Format and Investment Decisions: Implications for the Disposition Effect and the Status Quo Bias

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Rubaltelli ◽  
Sandro Rubichi ◽  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Marcello Tedeschi ◽  
Riccardo Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Disposition Effect ◽  
Status Quo Bias ◽  
Numerical Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
Information Format

Analog Numerical Representations in Rhesus Monkeys: Evidence for Parallel Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Nieder ◽  
Earl K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Weber Fraction ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Numerosity Discrimination ◽  
Numerical Information ◽  
Match To Sample ◽  
Numerical Representations

Monkeys have been introduced as model organisms to study neural correlates of numerical competence, but many of the behavioral characteristics of numerical judgments remain speculative. Thus, we analyzed the behavioral performance of two rhesus monkeys judging the numerosities 1 to 7 during a delayed match-to-sample task. The monkeys showed similar discrimination performance irrespective of the exact physical appearance of the stimuli, confirming that performance was based on numerical information. Performance declined smoothly with larger numerosities, and reached discrimination threshold at numerosity “4.” The nonverbal numerical representations in monkeys were based on analog magnitudes, object tracking process (“subitizing”) could not account for the findings because the continuum of small and large numbers shows a clear Weber fraction signature. The lack of additional scanning eye movements with increasing set sizes, together with indistinguishable neuronal response latencies for neurons with different preferred numerosities, argues for parallel encoding of numerical information. The slight but significant increase in reaction time with increasing numerosities can be explained by task difficulty and consequently time-consuming decision processes. The behavioral results are compared to single-cell recordings from the prefrontal cortex in the same subjects. Models for numerosity discrimination that may account for these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Archerfish number discrimination

eLife ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Potrich ◽  
Mirko Zanon ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Physical Stimulus ◽  
Numerical Information ◽  
Number Discrimination ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Numerical Discrimination ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
Performance Results

Debates have arisen as to whether non-human animals actually can learn abstract non-symbolic numerousness or whether they always rely on some continuous physical aspect of the stimuli, covarying with number. Here we investigated archerfish (Toxotes jaculatrix) non-symbolic numerical discrimination with accurate control for co-varying continuous physical stimulus attributes. Archerfish were trained to select one of two groups of black dots (Exp. 1: 3 vs. 6 elements; Exp. 2: 2 vs. 3 elements); these were controlled for several combinations of physical variables (elements’ size, overall area, overall perimeter, density and sparsity), ensuring that only numerical information was available. Generalization tests with novel numerical comparisons (2 vs. 3, 5 vs. 8 and 6 vs. 9 in Exp. 1; 3 vs. 4, 3 vs. 6 in Exp. 2) revealed choice for the largest or smallest numerical group according to the relative number that was rewarded at training. None of the continuous physical variables, including spatial frequency, were affecting archerfish performance. Results provide evidence that archerfish spontaneously use abstract relative numerical information for both small and large numbers when only numerical cues are available.

scholarly journals NGELIK SILIHAN DALAM KARAWITAN GAYA SURAKARTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Uni Ambarwati ◽  
Suyoto Suyoto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Melodic Contour ◽  
Musical Interactions ◽  
Musical Interaction

This study examines ngelik silihan in Surakarta style music. The problems revealed in this study are (1) How can ngelik in Surakarta style music, (2) Why does the Eling-eling ladrang dish generally use ngelik?, (3) Any factors that support a loan of ngelik silihan. This research is a qualitative research, data obtained from literature studies, observations, and interviews. The theory used as the basis for analyzing in accordance with the formulation of the problem is the creativity theory by Wallas about the process of creativity, and the theory of musical interaction by Benjamin Briner about musical interactions that occur in gending, and the theory of melodic contour by Judith Bekker about the melody flow obtained in theory worked on by Rahayu Supanggah, in the theory of the melodic contour it can emphasize the problem of the melody flow in the interconnected selection. The results of this study found that the use of ngelik silihan there are three factors, namely: 1. Shifting the function of the presentation, 2. Creativity of the artists. The use of ngelik silihan with consideration of the same melodic and song gong grooves, so that it is aligned with the borrowed portion of the loan, 3. Pathet factors for the lending and borrowed selection. In addition there is a historical statement that the Pangkur ladrang borrowed the Eling-eling ladrang. Information on the artist community that the Eling-eling ladrang borrowed the Pangkur ladrang, the reasons are: 1. Recognition of the perpetual artists acquired, 2. Manuscripts in the Mloyowidodo notation book, 3. Commercial cassette tapes which first popularized the Eling-ladrang ladrang from at Pangkur ladrang.Keywords: Ngelik, Silihan, Song, Sèlèh, Gending.

scholarly journals The unexplored role of handshape similarity in processing numbers on the hands

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
Ilaria Berteletti ◽  
SaraBeth J. Sullivan ◽  
Lucas Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
American Sign ◽  
Numerical Information ◽  
Finger Counting ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Native Signers ◽  
The Relationship

With two simple experiments we investigate the overlooked influence of handshape similarity for processing numerical information conveyed on the hands. In most finger-counting sequences there is a tight relationship between the number of fingers raised and the numerical value represented. This creates a possible confound where numbers closer to each other are also represented by handshapes that are more similar. By using the American Sign Language (ASL) number signs we are able to dissociate between the two variables orthogonally. First, we test the effect of handshape similarity in a same/different judgment task in a group of hearing non-signers and then test the interference of handshape in a number judgment task in a group of native ASL signers. Our results show an effect of handshape similarity and its interaction with numerical value even in the group of native signers for whom these handshapes are linguistic symbols and not a learning tool for acquiring numerical concepts. Because prior studies have never considered handshape similarity, these results open new directions for understanding the relationship between finger-based counting, internal hand representations and numerical proficiency.

An Exploration of Children's Musical Compositions

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Wilson ◽  
Roger J. Wales
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Musical Compositions ◽  
Melodic Contour ◽  
Training Post ◽  
Post Hoc

In this study, we examined the musical compositions of children aged 7 and 9 years to discover the nature of childrens melodic and rhythmic representations of music. The compositions were performed using a computer program that did not require formal music training. Post hoc analysis revealed that the compositions could be divided into three melodic and rhythmic developmental stages that varied according to melodic contour, tonality, rhythmic grouping, and meter. Older children created more compositions at higher stages of complexity, and the more private musical training children had received, the more rhythmically complex their compositions were. The girls produced a greater percentage of compositions assigned to the highest stages than did the boys. Qualitative features of the subjects' approach to the task were noted during testing and were also found to vary with developmental stage. The number of parts inherent in the compositions was a nonpredictive variable in this analysis.

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