Bulk Polymerization Photo-Initiator ZnO: Increasing of the Benzoyl Formic Acid Concentration and LED Illumination

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 (17) ◽  
pp. 1800208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schmitt ◽  
Patxi Garra ◽  
Jacques Lalevée
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Bulk Polymerization

scholarly journals OPTIMASI PRODUKSI PULP FORMACELL DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) DENGAN METODE PERMUKAAN RESPON

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hidayati ◽  
Ahmad Sapta Zuidar ◽  
Ahmad Fahreza
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Hcl Concentration ◽  
Pulp Production

ABSTRACT Empty oil-palm bunches (EOPB) contains more enough cellulose so that it can be made as an alternative pulp production.  One of the process of pulp production which friendly environment is by using acetate acid and formic acid called by formacell process.  The aims of the research is to got optimation models of formic acid concentration, HCl concentration and cooking duration for the EFB pulp production.  The optimum result of the EOPB pulp production were 75% of cellulose, 8% of hemiselulosa, 10% of  lignin, and 80% of yield with the optimum concentration 20% of formic acid, 0,5% of HCl, and 2 hour of cooking duration.   Keyword : pulp formacell, EFB, RSM.   ABSTRAK Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) mengandung kadar selulosa yang cukup tinggi sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku alternatif produksi pulp.  Salah satu proses produksi pulp ramah lingkungan yaitu dengan menggunakan campuran pelarut asam asetat dan asam formiat sebagai bahan pemasak yang disebut proses formacell.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan model optimasi dari konsentrasi asam formiat, konsentrasi HCl dan lama pemasakan untuk produksi pulp TKKS.  Konsentrasi pemasakan optimum terjadi pada konsentrasi asam formiat 20%, konsentrasi HCl 0,5%, dan lama pemasakan selama 2 jam dengan hasil optimum untuk produksi pulp TKKS yaitu 75 % selulosa, 8 % hemiselulosa, 10% lignin, dan 80% rendemen.   Kata kunci: pulp formacell, TKKS, RSM.    

Simultaneous assay of multiple antibiotics in human plasma by LC–MS/MS: importance of optimizing formic acid concentration

Bioanalysis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen ◽  
Zhe-Yi Hu ◽  
S Casey Laizure ◽  
Joanna Q Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

scholarly journals Formic Acid Pulping of Bagasse

1970 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sarwar Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Cooking Conditions

Atmospheric formic acid pulping of bagasse was done with varying formic acid concentration and cooking time. Pulp yield and kappa number decreased with increasing formic acid concentration or cooking time. The optimal cooking conditions were 90 % formic acid and 90 min of cooking at 95°C. The pulp yield at this condition was 44.4 % and kappa number 26.1. The strength properties were acceptable in formic acid pulping of bagasse. Addition of H2SO4 catalyst in formic acid degraded carbohydrate, resulting lower pulp yield and inferior strength properties. The strength properties were improved slightly after bleaching. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 245-250, 2006

scholarly journals Hydrogen Peroxide Versus Hydrogen Generation at Bipolar Pd/Au Nano-catalysts Grown into an Intrinsically Microporous Polyamine (PIM-EA-TB)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Wang ◽  
Mariolino Carta ◽  
Richard Malpass-Evans ◽  
Neil B. McKeown ◽  
Philip J. Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Gold Deposition ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Nano Catalysts

AbstractBinding of PdCl42− into the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-EA-TB (on a Nylon mesh substrate) followed by borohydride reduction leads to uncapped Pd(0) nano-catalysts with typically 3.2 ± 0.2 nm diameter embedded within the microporous polymer host structure. Spontaneous reaction of Pd(0) with formic acid and oxygen is shown to result in the competing formation of (i) hydrogen peroxide (at low formic acid concentration in air; with optimum H2O2 yield at 2 mM HCOOH), (ii) water, or (iii) hydrogen (at higher formic acid concentration or under argon). Next, a spontaneous electroless gold deposition process is employed to attach gold (typically 10- to 35-nm diameter) to the nano-palladium in PIM-EA-TB to give an order of magnitude enhanced production of H2O2 with high yields even at higher HCOOH concentration (suppressing hydrogen evolution). Pd and Au work hand-in-hand as bipolar electrocatalysts. A Clark probe method is developed to assess the catalyst efficiency (based on competing oxygen removal and hydrogen production) and a mass spectrometry method is developed to monitor/optimise the rate of production of hydrogen peroxide. Heterogenised Pd/Au@PIM-EA-TB catalysts are effective and allow easy catalyst recovery and reuse for hydrogen peroxide production. Graphical abstract

Chemometric Approach to Evaluate the Parameters Affecting Electrospray: Application of a Statistical Design of Experiments for the Study of Arginine Ionization

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Charles ◽  
Stéphanie Caloprisco ◽  
Salimo Mohameda ◽  
Michelle Sergent
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mobile Phase Flow Rate ◽  
Methanol Content

The effects of different experimental parameters on arginine electrospray ionization have been investigated with response surface modeling design. This chemometric technique allows a study of the effects of selected experimental variables and their interactions on the response of an experiment by performing a limited number of analyses. Six variables were studied: methanol content in the liquid phase, formic acid concentration, electrospray voltage, orifice voltage, mobile phase flow rate, and sheath gas flow rate. Signal abundance and signal-to-noise ratio of the protonated molecule and the protonated dimer were measured from the electrospray mass spectra and these four responses were tested by the design. The factor that exhibits the greatest influence on MH+ abundance is shown to be the liquid flow rate whereas the formation of protonated dimers is mainly controlled by the percentage of methanol in the mobile phase. A strong synergic effect of methanol content and formic acid concentration in the liquid has also been demonstrated in the study of noise level. Moreover, the capabilities of the multicriteria optimization method have been demonstrated through the successful prediction of a set of optimal experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Fabrication and characterization of electrospun mats of Nylon 6/Silica nanocomposite fibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501984322
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Prashant R Waghmare ◽  
Cagri Ayranci
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Average Fiber Diameter

In this article, the electrospinning process for Silica nanoparticles reinforced Nylon 6 nanofiber composite mats is investigated. More specifically, the effect of Nylon 6/Formic Acid concentration and silica weight fraction on the solution viscosity and the properties of the end product is studied. Rheological measurements were conducted to investigate the solutions’ viscosity, and scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the morphology and dimensions of the nanofibers. Energy dispersion X-ray was used to prove that silica nanoparticles are well distributed within the nanofibers. Finally, surface roughness and porosity of the mats were measured. It was found that when Nylon 6/Formic Acid concentration increased from 15 to 20 wt%, solution viscosity increased by 0.63 Pa·s, which leads to the increase in average fiber diameter from 103 to 160 nm. Also, when silica increased by 6%, highest viscosity increase was 0.1 Pa·s, while average fiber diameter increased for around 5 nm. In addition, protuberances or small silica beads are observed when silica weight fraction is increased above a critical value. The porosity remains unchanged while surface roughness increased by increasing silica weight fraction and decreasing Nylon 6 concentration. This study outlines the successful fabrication of bead-free Silica reinforced Nylon 6 nanofibers and their mats via electrospinning. Good control over processing parameters results in tailorability of size, morphology, and surface roughness of the end products.

scholarly journals Process Intensification in Photocatalytic Decomposition of Formic Acid over a TiO2 Catalyst by Forced Periodic Modulation of Concentration, Temperature, Flowrate and Light Intensity

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2046
Author(s):  
Thomas Ellwood ◽  
Luka A. Živković ◽  
Petr Denissenko ◽  
Rufat Sh. Abiev ◽  
Evgeny V. Rebrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Photocatalytic Decomposition ◽  
Nonlinear Frequency ◽  
Periodic Modulation ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Input Parameters

The effect of forced periodic modulation of several input parameters on the rate of photocatalytic decomposition of formic acid over a TiO2 thin film catalyst has been investigated in a continuously stirred tank reactor. The kinetic model was adopted based on the literature and it includes acid adsorption, desorption steps, the formation of photocatalytic active sites and decomposition of the adsorbed species over the active titania sites. A reactor model was developed that describes mass balances of reactive species. The analysis of the reactor was performed with a computer-aided nonlinear frequency response method. Initially, the effect of amplitude and frequency of four input parameters (flowrate, acid concentration, temperature and light intensity) were studied. All single inputs provided only a minor improvement, which did not exceed 4%. However, a modulation of two input parameters, inlet flowrate and the acid molar fraction, considerably improved the acid conversion from 80 to 96%. This is equivalent to a factor of two increase in residence time at steady-state operation at the same temperature and acid concentration.

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