A Comparison of Human and Porcine Skin in Laser‐Assisted Drug Delivery of Chemotherapeutics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas K. Rosenberg ◽  
Charlotte Bagger ◽  
Christian Janfelt ◽  
Merete Haedersdal ◽  
Uffe H. Olesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Porcine Skin

Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery of fluorescent nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid into porcine skin in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 124314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Lei Wang ◽  
Peng-Fei Fan ◽  
Xia-Sheng Guo ◽  
Juan Tu ◽  
Yong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Fluorescent Nanoparticles ◽  
Porcine Skin

Insertion Behavior of Microneedles for Drug Delivery

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 1442-1445
Author(s):  
K.T. Shek ◽  
David C.C. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Porcine Skin ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Test Frame ◽  
Needle Diameter ◽  
Gripping Force ◽  
Insertion Length ◽  
Precision Test

Drug dosage delivered by drug-coated microneedle is dependent on needle insertion behavior. The insertion length and gripping force at varied insertion speeds are determined quantitatively using a precision test frame. The ratio of inserted depth to pressed depth was found to rise asymptotically to a plateau, but decreased rapidly to zero insertion when the needles are pressed less than 1000 microns deep for both silicone rubber and porcine skin. No insertion was observed when the needles are pressed less than 200 microns. The gripping force exerted onto the inserted needle by the skin decreased by 0.1N per mm of needle diameter and insertion depth. The short insertion depth and low force suggest that drug delivery using short 300 micron microneedles would be tenuous. High insertion speeds can help to improve drug delivery, but the improvement is limited to large needles since the results from this study showed that insertions become speedindependent when the needle diameter is less than 130 microns.

Development and Characterization of Gantrez® S-97 and Hyaluronic Acid Microneedles for Transdermal Fluorescein Sodium Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuvamin Suriyaamporn ◽  
Worranan Rangsimawong ◽  
Praneet Opanasopit ◽  
Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Fluorescein Sodium ◽  
Porcine Skin ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Microneedles (MNs) are attractive micron scale technology, which has been used as a physical force to create transport pathways and enhance the permeability of drugs into the skin. Fluorescein sodium (FS), a hydrophilic drug was loaded in MNs for transportation through skin. The purposes of this study were to develop and evaluate the optimal formulation of FS-loaded polymeric microneedles (MNs) as a device for transdermal drug delivery system. The FS-MNs were fabricated by micro-molding technique and prepared by using Gantrez® S-97 (G) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The physical appearances were observed under digital microscope. The mechanical properties were determined by a texture analyzer. The insertion study was tested on neonatal porcine skin. The MNs height changing after insertion into the skin at predetermined times was measured to show dissolution ability of MNs. Finally, the drug permeation profile of FS-MNs was investigated by Franz diffusion cell. For the results, all formulations were complete fabrication of conical microneedle array (11 rows x 11 columns in 10 mm2 patch area) with average 600 + 20 μm in height, 300 + 5 μm in width, and 600 + 10 μm in interspace. The percent decrease of MNs height in mechanical strength of 30%G+5%HA was significantly less than others at 1.8 to 8.8 N/121 array. The formulation mixing with 30% Gantrez® S-97 had 100% of penetration into porcine skin. The dissolution ability showed that MNs were completely dissolved within 60 minutes. At 24 h of skin permeation, the FS permeated through the skin from 1%FS solution, 30%G+1%FS MNs, and 30%G+5%HA+1%FS MNs was 1.00%, 4.27% and 7.53%, respectively. The flux values of 1%FS solution, 30%G+1%FS MNs, and 30%G+5%HA+1%FS MNs were 0.006 μg/cm2/min, 0.032 μg/cm2/min, and 0.037 μg/cm2/min, respectively, indicating the highest skin permeability of FS from 30%G+5%HA+1%FS MNs. In conclusion, the 30%G+5%HA+1%FS formulation presented appropriate MNs properties as a device for transdermal drug delivery system.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Design and Manufacturing Parameters of 3D Printed Solid Microneedles for Improved Strength, Sharpness, and Drug Delivery

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Economidou ◽  
Cristiane Pissinato Pere ◽  
Michael Okereke ◽  
Dennis Douroumis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Porcine Skin ◽  
Coating Morphology ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters ◽  
Significant Attention

3D printing has emerged as a powerful manufacturing technology and has attracted significant attention for the fabrication of microneedle (MN)-mediated transdermal systems. In this work, we describe an optimisation strategy for 3D-printed MNs, ranging from the design to the drug delivery stage. The key relationships between design and manufacturing parameters and quality and performance are systematically explored. The printing and post-printing set parameters were found to influence quality and material mechanical properties, respectively. It was demonstrated that the MN geometry affected piercing behaviour, fracture, and coating morphology. The delivery of insulin in porcine skin by inkjet-coated MNs was shown to be influenced by MN design.

scholarly journals Graphene Oxide as a Carrier for Drug Delivery of Methotrexate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 14726-14735
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Porcine Skin ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Nanomaterials, including carbon-based nanoparticles, have been applied as carriers for anticancer drugs. This short communication reported the synthesis, cytotoxicity, and drug delivery of methotrexate using graphene oxide (GO) as a carrier. GO was synthesized following Hummer's method. It was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data analysis confirms the synthesis of GO with high crystallinity and lamellae morphology. GO showed a high cytocompatibility toward the human EA.hy926 endothelial cells. GO has been used as a carrier for the anticancer drug; methotrexate. The drug delivery was tested for hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 cells), human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293A cells), and porcine skin fibroblasts (PEF).

scholarly journals Towards the enhancement of transdermal drug delivery through thermocavitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Padilla-Martinez ◽  
Darren Banks ◽  
Julio C. Ramirez-San-Juan ◽  
Ruben Ramos-Garcia ◽  
Feng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Porcine Skin ◽  
Solution Layer

AbstractAlthough for some highly lipophillic drugs the principal barrier to permeate the human skin may reside in the essentially viable epidermal membrane, for most molecules, the stratum corneum (SC) is the rate-limiting barrier to drug delivery. Today, several techniques have been developed to enhance transdermal drug delivery (TDD) by increasing the effective permeability of the SC (e.g., iontophoresis, electroporation, micro-needle, ultrasound, radio frequency and laser radiation). The goal of this study is to investigate the extent to which thermocavitation may be used as a novel alternative method to selectively pierce the SC and thus enhance TDD. Thermocavitation for this purpose is generated by a continuous wave (CW), low power laser beam focused on a highly-absorbing solution topically applied on the skin surface. The absorbed light creates a superheated volume in a tightly localized region followed by explosive phase transition and the formation of vapor-gas bubbles, which expand and later collapse very rapidly emitting intense acoustic shockwaves that disrupt the surface underneath.Thermocavitation bubbles were induced close to the surface of skin models (agar gels) andThe damage observed on agar gel and porcine skin appears to be congruent with the relationship between laser power, focal point, cavitation frequency and extent of damage observed in previous studies. In particular, the greatest damage induced to the agar phantoms was produced with the lowest laser power (∼153 mW) and thinnest solution layer (∼100 μm) used. Similar laser and solution layer settings led to porcine skin damage of ∼80–100 μm in diameter, which was sufficiently large to break the SC and allow the penetration of 4 kDa, FITC-dextran to depths of ∼40–60 μm.This novel approach to achieve cavitation is attractive and seems promising because it can be generated with inexpensive, low power CW lasers, capable of selectively disrupting the SC and allowing the penetration of large, hydrophilic drugs topically applied to the skin.

Techniques For The Preparation of Tissue Samples Containing Injectable Polymer Microcapsules

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G.E. Visscher ◽  
R. L. Robison ◽  
G. J. Argentieri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Injectable Polymer ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The use of various bioerodable polymers as drug delivery systems has gained considerable interest in recent years. Among some of the shapes used as delivery systems are films, rods and microcapsules. The work presented here will deal with the techniques we have utilized for the analysis of the tissue reaction to and actual biodegradation of injectable microcapsules. This work has utilized light microscopic (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic techniques. The design of our studies has utilized methodology that would; 1. best characterize the actual degradation process without artifacts introduced by fixation procedures and 2. allow for reproducible results.In our studies, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was chosen as the injection site. Prior to the injection of microcapsules the skin above the sites was shaved and tattooed for later recognition and recovery. 1.0 cc syringes were loaded with the desired quantity of microcapsules and the vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethycellulose) drawn up. The syringes were agitated to suspend the microcapsules in the injection vehicle.

Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-675
Author(s):  
Parasuraman Padmanabhan ◽  
Mathangi Palanivel ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Domokos Máthé ◽  
George K. Radda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Preclinical Animal Models

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect the ageing population worldwide and while severely impairing the quality of life of millions, they also cause a massive economic burden to countries with progressively ageing populations. Parallel with the search for biomarkers for early detection and prediction, the pursuit for therapeutic approaches has become growingly intensive in recent years. Various prospective therapeutic approaches have been explored with an emphasis on early prevention and protection, including, but not limited to, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Many pharmacological interventions have proved to be promising novel avenues, but successful applications are often hampered by the poor delivery of the therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a promising option, as NP-based drug delivery systems can be functionalized to target specific cell surface receptors and to achieve controlled and long-term release of therapeutics to the target tissue. The usefulness of NPs for loading and delivering of drugs has been extensively studied in the context of NDDs, and their biological efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical animal models. Efforts have also been made towards the development of NPs which can be used for targeting the BBB and various cell types in the brain. The main focus of this review is to briefly discuss the advantages of functionalized NPs as promising theranostic agents for the diagnosis and therapy of NDDs. We also summarize the results of diverse studies that specifically investigated the usage of different NPs for the treatment of NDDs, with a specific emphasis on AD and PD, and the associated pathophysiological changes. Finally, we offer perspectives on the existing challenges of using NPs as theranostic agents and possible futuristic approaches to improve them.

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