The potential of phototherapy to reduce body fat, insulin resistance and “metabolic inflexibility” related to obesity in women undergoing weight loss treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 634-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Sene-Fiorese ◽  
Fernanda Oliveira Duarte ◽  
Antonio Eduardo de Aquino Junior ◽  
Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos ◽  
Deborah Cristina Landi Masquio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Loss Treatment ◽  
Metabolic Inflexibility

scholarly journals The effect of intermittent energy and carbohydrate restrictionv. daily energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers in overweight women

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Harvie ◽  
Claire Wright ◽  
Mary Pegington ◽  
Debbie McMullan ◽  
Ellen Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Daily Energy

Intermittent energy restriction may result in greater improvements in insulin sensitivity and weight control than daily energy restriction (DER). We tested two intermittent energy and carbohydrate restriction (IECR) regimens, including one which allowedad libitumprotein and fat (IECR+PF). Overweight women (n115) aged 20 and 69 years with a family history of breast cancer were randomised to an overall 25 % energy restriction, either as an IECR (2500–2717 kJ/d, < 40 g carbohydrate/d for 2 d/week) or a 25 % DER (approximately 6000 kJ/d for 7 d/week) or an IECR+PF for a 3-month weight-loss period and 1 month of weight maintenance (IECR or IECR+PF for 1 d/week). Insulin resistance reduced with the IECR diets (mean − 0·34 (95 % CI − 0·66, − 0·02) units) and the IECR+PF diet (mean − 0·38 (95 % CI − 0·75, − 0·01) units). Reductions with the IECR diets were significantly greater compared with the DER diet (mean 0·2 (95 % CI − 0·19, 0·66) μU/unit,P= 0·02). Both IECR groups had greater reductions in body fat compared with the DER group (IECR: mean − 3·7 (95 % CI − 2·5, − 4·9) kg,P= 0·007; IECR+PF: mean − 3·7 (95 % CI − 2·8, − 4·7) kg,P= 0·019; DER: mean − 2·0 (95 % CI − 1·0, 3·0) kg). During the weight maintenance phase, 1 d of IECR or IECR+PF per week maintained the reductions in insulin resistance and weight. In the short term, IECR is superior to DER with respect to improved insulin sensitivity and body fat reduction. Longer-term studies into the safety and effectiveness of IECR diets are warranted.

scholarly journals Markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in dogs before and after weight loss versus lean healthy dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-305
Author(s):  
Juliana T. Jeremias ◽  
Thiago H.A. Vendramini ◽  
Roberta B.A. Rodrigues ◽  
Mariana P. Perini ◽  
Vivian Pedrinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT: Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is characterized by an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to insulin resistance. For this study body composition, markers of inflammation and of insulin resistance in dogs before and after weight loss were compared to those of lean dogs. Eleven client-owned obese adult dogs underwent a weight loss program with commercial dry food for weight loss and reached an ideal body condition score (BCS) six months after the beginning of the weight loss program. A Control Group of nine dogs with ideal BCS were selected for the comparison. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality, Mann Whitney were used for non-normally distributes data, and Student t-test was used for normally distributed parameters. In the Obese Group body fat decreased from 41.6% (30.7-58.6) to 29.1% (18.6-46.3) (P<0.01) and dogs maintained lean body mass throughout the weight loss program (P>0.05). Obese dogs presented higher concentration of fructosamine, triglycerides, insulin, IGF-1 and leptin than the Control Group before weight reduction (P<0.05). Serum concentrations of triglycerides, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, insulin, leptin and IGF-1 decreased after weight loss (P<0.01), and these concentrations were similar to the Control Group (P>0.05), except for leptin (P<0.001). No alteration on peptide YY was found. Leptin (r=0.60, P=0.01), fructosamine (r=0.44, P=0.02) and triglycerides (r=0.40, P=0.04) concentrations correlated with the reduction of body fat. Weight loss reduced the concentrations of inflammatory and insulin resistance markers and most parameters became similar to dogs that have always been lean, reinforcing the importance of weight loss in small animal practice.

scholarly journals Eight-hour time-restricted feeding improves endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzhu Li ◽  
Chuan Xing ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Han Zhao ◽  
Wenjing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Background Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting, which is beneficial for weight loss and cardiometabolic health. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrine and metabolic diseases affecting women of childbearing age. It is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The effects of TRF on PCOS patients remains undefined, here we investigated the impact of TRF on women with anovulatory PCOS. Methods Eighteen PCOS women aged between 18 and 31 with anovulation participated in a 6-week trial which were divided into two consecutive periods: (1) 1-week baseline weight stabilization period and (2) 5-week TRF period. Fifteen participants completed the study. Changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), Waist-to-Hip Ratio, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BF%), visceral fat area (VFA), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH, total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), fasting glucose, fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), area under the curve (AUC) for insulin (AUCIns), area under the curve (AUC) for glucose (AUCGlu), AUCIns/AUCGlu Ratio, lipids, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), menstrual cycle and eating behaviors were evaluated. Results Significant changes in body weight, BMI, BFM, BF%, VFA, TT, SHBG, FAI, FINS, HOMA-IR, AUCIns, AUCIns/AUCGlu Ratio, ALT, hsCRP and IGF-1 were found after the TRF period. An improvement in menstrual cycle irregularity was detected in 73.3% (11/15) patients. Conclusion The diet of TRF may be beneficial to anovulatory PCOS on weight loss especially reducing body fat, improving menstruation, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT04580433, registered October 8, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04580433.

scholarly journals Eight-hour Time-restricted Feeding Improves Endocrine and Metabolic Profiles in Women With Anovulatory Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzhu Li ◽  
Chuan Xing ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Han Zhao ◽  
Wenjing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Background: Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting, which is beneficial for weight loss and cardiometabolic health. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrine and metabolic diseases affecting women of childbearing age. It is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. While limited data are available on the effects of TRF in PCOS. Thus, we sought to investigate the effects of TRF in women with anovulatory PCOS.Methods: Eighteen women aged between 18 and 31 with anovulation of PCOS participated in a 6-week trial and were divided into two consecutive periods: (1) 1-week baseline period; and (2) 5-week TRF period. Fifteen participants completed the study. Changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), Waist-to-Hip Ratio, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BF%), visceral fat area (VFA), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH, total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), fasting glucose, fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), area under the curve (AUC) for insulin (AUCInsulin), area under the curve (AUC) for glucose (AUCGlucose), AUCInsulin/AUCGlucose Ratio, lipids, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), menstrual cycle and eating behaviors were evaluated.Results: Significant changes in body weight, BMI, BFM, BF%, VFA, TT, SHBG, FAI, FINS, HOMA-IR, AUCInsulin, AUCInsulin/AUCGlucose Ratio, ALT, hsCRP and IGF-1 were found after the TRF period. An improvement in menstrual cycle irregularity was detected in 73.3% (11/15) patients. Conclusion: The diet of TRF may be beneficial to anovulatory PCOS on weight loss (especially reducing body fat), improving menstruation, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance and inflammation.Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT04580433, registrered October 8, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04580433

scholarly journals In Vivo Changes in Central and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in a Large Animal Model of Obesity

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (7) ◽  
pp. 3147-3157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare L. Adam ◽  
Patricia A. Findlay ◽  
Raymond P. Aitken ◽  
John S. Milne ◽  
Jacqueline M. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Ad Libitum

Obesity disrupts homeostatic energy balance circuits leading to insulin resistance. Here we examined in vivo peripheral and central insulin sensitivity, and whether central insensitivity in terms of the voluntary food intake (VFI) response occurs within the hypothalamus or at blood-brain transfer level, during obesity and after subsequent weight loss. Sheep with intracerebroventricular (icv) cannulae were fed complete diet for 40 wk ad libitum (obese group) or at control level (controls). Thereafter, obese sheep were food restricted (slimmers) and controls fed ad libitum (fatteners) for 16 wk. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measured total body fat, insulin analyses in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assessed blood-brain transfer, iv glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) measured peripheral insulin sensitivity, and VFI responses to icv insulin assessed intrahypothalamic sensitivity. Insulinemia was higher in obese than controls; plasma insulin correlated with DEXA body fat and CSF insulin. Insulinemia was higher in fatteners than slimmers but ratio of CSF to plasma insulin correlated only in fatteners. Plasma glucose baseline and area under the curve were higher during GTT and ITT in obese than controls and during ITT in fatteners than slimmers. GTT and ITT glucose area under the curve correlated with DEXA body fat. VFI decreased after icv insulin, with response magnitude correlating negatively with DEXA body fat. Overall, insulin resistance developed first in the periphery and then within the brain, thereafter correlating with adiposity; central resistance in terms of VFI response resulted from intrahypothalamic insensitivity rather than impaired blood-brain transfer; modest weight loss improved peripheral but not central insulin sensitivity and induced central hypoinsulinemia.

Continuation of weight loss treatment is associated with the number of self-selected treatment modalities.

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corby K. Martin ◽  
Danae L. Drab-Hudson ◽  
Emily York-Crowe ◽  
Stephen B. Mayville ◽  
Ying Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Weight Loss Treatment

Negative correlation of osteocalcin with insulin resistance, but not with body fat, in lamin-mutated lipodystrophies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Leclerc ◽  
Kanza Benomar ◽  
George Lion ◽  
Claire Douillard ◽  
Corinne Vigouroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Negative Correlation

Insulin resistance, systemic and regional inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue during weight loss in a population with obesity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederique Van de Velde ◽  
Margriet Ouwens ◽  
Arsene-Helene Batens ◽  
Samyah Shadid ◽  
Bruno Lapauw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose
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