scholarly journals Low temperature sensitivity of picophytoplankton P : B ratios and growth rates across a natural 10°C temperature gradient in the oligotrophic Indian Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Landry ◽  
Karen E. Selph ◽  
Raleigh R. Hood ◽  
Claire H. Davies ◽  
Lynnath E. Beckley
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Rates

scholarly journals Study on Performance Damage and Mechanism Analysis of Asphalt under Action of Chloride Salt Erosion

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3089
Author(s):  
Peilei Zhou ◽  
Wensheng Wang ◽  
Lili Zhu ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Yongming Ai
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Low Temperature Performance

This study aims to investigate the performance evolution and mechanism of asphalt under action of chloride salt erosion. Asphalt samples soaked with five different snow melting chloride salt concentrations were taken as the research object. Then, the high-temperature performance, low-temperature performance, temperature sensitivity and asphalt–aggregate adhesion property of asphalt samples were carried out. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to explore the mechanism of chloride salt erosion on asphalt. Test results showed the linear variation relationships of high-temperature performance, low-temperature performance and temperature sensitivity with chloride salt concentrations. The high-temperature performance of asphalt would be improved by chloride snowmelt salt. With the increase in the chloride salt solution concentration, the low-temperature performance of asphalt became worse, and the temperature sensitivity increased. Moreover, after the effect of the chloride salt solution, the asphalt–aggregate adhesion property decreased with the increase in the chloride salt solution concentration. It is necessary to control the amount of chloride snowmelt salt in the actual snow removal projects. Finally, based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the mechanism of chloride salt erosion on asphalt was preliminarily explored. With the increase in the chloride salt solution concentration, the proportion of light components (saturated fraction, aromatic fraction) in asphalt decreased, and the proportion of heavy components (resin and asphaltene) with good thermal stability increased.

Fiber interferometry with low temperature sensitivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zitong Feng ◽  
Vincent Michaud-Belleau ◽  
Jayanta K. Sahu ◽  
Johan Nilsson ◽  
Christophe A. Codemard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity

3D Freeze Printing: Development of an Experimental Setup and Determination of 3D Printing Parameters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Tetik ◽  
Dong Lin
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Freeze Casting ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Print Head ◽  
Freezing Temperatures ◽  
Fabrication Parameters ◽  
Printing Parameters

Abstract 3D freeze printing is a hybrid manufacturing method composed of freeze casting and inkjet-based printing. It is a facile method to fabricate lightweight, porous, and functional structures. Freeze casting is a well-known method for fabricating porous bodies and is capable of manipulating the micro-structure of the resulting product. Freeze casting simply involves solidification of a liquid suspension using low temperature and sublimation of the solvent using low temperature and pressure. After the sublimation of the solvent crystals, we obtain a porous structure where the pores are a replica of solvent crystal. Making use of the temperature gradient, as seen in unidirectional and bidirectional freeze casting, during the solidification with low temperature values, the solvent crystals grow along the temperature gradient. Furthermore, by manipulating the freezing kinetics during solidification, we can have a control on the average pore size distribution. For instance, when lower freezing temperatures result in finer pores with higher amount, higher freezing temperatures result in coarser pores with less amount. Also, the use of some additives inside the suspension leads to changes in the morphology of the solvent crystals as well as the resulting pores. However, the macro-structure of the fabricated body is highly dependent on the mold used during the process. In order to eliminate the dependency on the mold during the freeze casting process, our group recently combined this technique with inkjet-based 3D printing. With inkjet-based 3D printing, we fabricated uniform lines from single droplets, and complex 3D shapes from the lines. This provided us the ability of tailoring the macro structure of the final product without any dependency on a mold as seen in freeze casting. As a result of the 3D freeze printing process, we achieved fabricating lightweight, porous, and functional bodies with engineered micro and macro-structures. However, achieving fine droplets, and uniform lines by merging the droplets requires a good combination of fabrication parameters such as pressure adjustment inside the print head, print head speed, jetting frequency. Also, fabricating complex shapes from uniform lines requires well-adjusted parameters such as line thickness and layer height. In this study, we briefly explained the mechanics of the 3D freeze printing process. Following that we presented the development process of an open-source inkjet-based 3D printer. Finally, we explained the determination of inkjet dispensing and 3D printing parameters required for a high-quality 3D printing. During our experiments for the determination of fabrication parameters, we used a nanocellulose crystals-based ink due to its low cost and ease of preparation.

Microwave-Vacuum Integrated Cavity with a Low Temperature Sensitivity for Cs Fountain Clocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasong Zheng ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Weiliang Chen ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Shaoyang Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity

Application of FBG Strain Sensor with Low Temperature Sensitivity in Static Pressure PHC Pipe Pile Penetration Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 040602
Author(s):  
王永洪 Wang Yonghong ◽  
张明义 Zhang Mingyi ◽  
张春巍 Zhang Chunwei ◽  
白晓宇 Bai Xiaoyu ◽  
刘倩 Liu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Pipe Pile ◽  
Pile Penetration

Whole-Body Cryotherapy as a Tool to Improving of Infrared Thermography Diagnostics

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-296
Author(s):  
Armand Cholewka ◽  
Agata Stanek ◽  
Karolina Sieroń-Stołtny ◽  
Joanna Kajewska
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Therapeutic Technique ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Whole Body Cooling ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
Physiological Reactions

The use of low temperature on the whole human body switched on beneficial physiological reactions. Whole-body cryotherapy is used as a part of rehabilitation. There were reported studies of thermal imaging performed due to whole body cooling in case of patients suffering from different diseases that showed a significant enhancement of the skin temperature gradient observed after cryotherapy. That explains that such therapeutic technique like whole-body cryotherapy can be used as a part of infrared thermography diagnostic procedure.

scholarly journals Shape memory alloy engine for high efficiency low-temperature gradient thermal to electrical conversion

2019 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 113277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Ravi Anant Kishore ◽  
Deepam Maurya ◽  
Colin J. Stewart ◽  
Reza Mirzaeifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
High Efficiency

Morphological Instability of Polyhedral Ice Crystals Growing in Air at Low Temperature

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 222-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gonda ◽  
H. Gomi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Morphological Instability ◽  
Skeletal Structures ◽  
Snow Crystals

The morphology of snow crystals growing at a low temperature has been experimentally studied. The habit and the morphological instability of the crystals vary remarkably with air pressure. In addition, the morphological instability of the crystals depends not only on air pressure but also on supersaturation, crystal size, the ratio of growth rates and the ratio of axial lengths. It is supposed from the experimental results that long prisms with small skeletal structures forming at low supersaturation are precipitating in polar regions.

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