scholarly journals Earlier ice breakup induces changepoint responses in duration and variability of spring mixing and summer stratification in dimictic lakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Pilla ◽  
Craig E. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Ice Breakup

Ice jam mitigation

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold S. Belore ◽  
Brian C. Burrell ◽  
Spyros Beltaos
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Ice Breakup

In Canada, flooding due to the rise in water levels upstream of an ice jam, or the temporary exceedance of the flow and ice-carrying capacity of a channel upon release of an ice jam, has resulted in the loss of human life and extensive economic losses. Ice jam mitigation is a component of river ice management which includes all activities carried out to prevent or remove ice jams, or to reduce the damages that may result from an ice jam event. This paper presents a brief overview of measures to mitigate the damaging effects of ice jams and contains a discussion on their application to Canadian rivers. Key words: controlled ice breakup, flood control, ice jams, ice management, river ice.

Experience in developing a method for long-term forecasting of the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Y.A Pavroz . ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Geopotential Height ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breakup Time

An attempt is made to develop a method for long-term forecasting of the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin, to identify the impact of the distribution of sea surface temperature and geopotential height in the informative regions at the levels H100 and H500 over the Northern Hemisphere on the river ice breakup. The location and boundaries of the informative regions in the fields of H100 and H500 were revealed by the discriminant analysis, the EOF expansion coefficients of the fields of anomalies of monthly mean values of H100 and H500 for January and February and the anomalies of monthly mean sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific were used as potential predictors. The stepwise regression analysis allowed deriving good and satisfactory (S/σ = 0.45–0.73) complex prognostic equations for forecasting the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin. The essential influence of H100 and H500 geopotential height fields and the spatial distribution of sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific in January and February on the river ice breakup time is revealed. It is proposed to improve the method by considering the impact of air temperature, maximum ice thickness per winter, and other indirect characteristics on the processes of river ice breakup in the Vyatka River basin. Keywords: ice regime, long-range forecast, river ice breakup, expansion coefficients, geopotential height fields, spring ice phenomena, energy-active zones of the oceans, complex prognostic equation

scholarly journals Winter-to-summer transition of Arctic sea ice breakup and floe size distribution in the Beaufort Sea

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (0) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byongjun Hwang ◽  
Jeremy Wilkinson ◽  
Edward Maksym ◽  
Hans C. Graber ◽  
Axel Schweiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
Arctic Sea

Numerical model study on ice impact on Lake Superior outflow limit

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 656-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Knack ◽  
Hung Tao Shen ◽  
Fengbin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Flow Regulation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Flow Limit ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Numerical Model Study

Improved regulation of the wintertime flow from Lake Superior is needed to improve the balance of water levels of Lake Superior and Lake Michigan–Huron to decrease the frequency of extreme levels without unduly affecting Lake Superior interest. The wintertime outflow limit is set as 2410 m3/s by Lake Superior Regulation Plan 1977-A as a result of ice jam flooding during the 1916–1917 winter. This paper presents a numerical model study on the ice conditions in the St. Marys River to assess the maximum allowable Lake Superior wintertime outflow. Freeze-up, frazil transport and accumulation, and breakup were simulated with a thermal-ice dynamic model. The highest potential for flooding exists during ice breakup and simulations were run to determine a safe discharge limit for the breakup period. Simulations indicated the winter flow limit may be increased to 2690 m3/s if flow regulation is managed with care to prevent premature ice cover breakup.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF ICE BREAK AND ICE FLOW DURING RIVER ICE BREAKUP

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. I_1075-I_1080
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro YOSHIKAWA ◽  
Yasuharu WATANABE ◽  
Hiroshi HAYAKAWA ◽  
Yasuyuki HIRAI
Keyword(s):  
River Ice ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Ice Breakup

Remote data collection on ice breakup dynamics: Saint John River case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Beltaos ◽  
Robert Rowsell ◽  
Patrick Tang
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
Saint John ◽  
Remote Data

Ice breakup: a neglected factor in river ecology

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D Prowse ◽  
Joseph M Culp
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
River Ecology ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Streams And Rivers ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Biotic Effects

To minimize environmental impacts that may result from any engineered modifications of stream or river systems, a basic understanding of river ecology is required. Most fundamental theories of river ecology have developed largely from studies of warm-temperate and tropical streams and rivers. As these theories evolved over the last few decades, floods were recognized increasingly as dominant hydrologic events that control numerous abiotic and biotic forms and processes, both within the channel and on the adjacent riparian floodplains. Over approximately the same time frame, river-ice breakup was shown to be a major, if not predominant, source of floods on cold-regions rivers. Despite this, rarely has the role of ice-induced flooding been considered by subsequent modifications to the original theories or in the extensive studies and literature that they spawned. This manuscript reviews the broad, although frequently anecdotal, information about the abiotic and biotic effects of breakup processes and flooding. Based on this, it argues for breakup to be incorporated in future advancements of river ecological theory. The extensive list of cited studies provides a valuable reference source for scientists and engineers assessing development-related impacts on cold-regions streams and rivers, or further researching ecological aspects of river-ice breakup.Key words: river ice, river ecology, freshwater ecology, flooding, breakup, ice jam.

Quantification of ice-breakup events and iceberg dynamics in a highly dynamical proglacial lake in Austria (Pasterze Glacier)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kellerer-Pirklbauer ◽  
Michael Avian ◽  
Felix Bernsteiner ◽  
Helene Gahleitner ◽  
Joachim Götz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Lake Depth ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Proglacial Lake

<p><span><span>Glacier recession into glacier bed overdeepenings commonly cause the formation of highly dynamical proglacial lakes. Such a proglacial lake at the terminus area of Pasterze Glacier, Austria’s largest glacier (approximately 16km²), sextupled during the last decade from 0.05 (2010) to 0.3km² (2019) as measured during multiannual ground-based differential global positioning surveys and terrestrial laser scanning campaigns. </span></span></p><p><span><span>Sonar measurements in September 2019 revealed a maximum lake depth of 48.2m and detected several depressions at the lake bottom. The calculated mean lake depth was quantified to be 13.4m based on 4276 individual data points (unevenly distributed over the lake) yielding a calculated water volume of 4 million m³. Five large-scale and rapid ice-breakup and ice-floating events were observed during the period September 2016 to October 2018 based on webcam images with a temporal resolution of (mostly) 5 minutes. Furthermore, three medium-sized and five smaller ice-cracking events or collapses as well as three iceberg-tiltings were observed. These events as well as the dynamics of icebergs for one specific day (16.06.2019) and for one specific iceberg (from September 2017 to its disappearance in September 2019) were quantified. For this, we either applied the Environmental Motion Tracking (EMT) software for feature tracking or we orthorectified (Erdas, Phyton) and analyzed (ArcGIS) webcam images using three comparative orthophotos from the years 2015-2018. </span></span></p><p><span><span>The icebergs at the proglacial lake of Pasterze Glacier probably formed by disintegration of glacier ice at the lake bottom or at the near-shore surface influenced by high water pressure along fractures. The breakup events demonstrate that the originally presumed pure “proglacial lake” seems to be (at least during the period of observation) to some extent a “supraglacial lake” covering glacier ice, which steadily disintegrates forming icebergs. During breakup events, such ice masses show signs of tilting, sudden disintegration and formation of icebergs, which steadily melt accompanied by further tilting events at the lake surface. </span></span></p><p><span><span>The first analytical approach using the EMT software yields meaningful results if icebergs do not modify substantially their geomorphological appearance during the event. If new objects appear at the lake or icebergs tilt, no trajectories can be calculated by EMT. The second approach yields surface extent and structure data as well as location of the icebergs at different times during for instance the ice-breakup events. With this information, the process of the ice-breakup could be divided into sub-processes partly related to each other. Detailed quantification of for instance crack evolution, tilting of debris-covered ice bodies, lake transgression or lateral ice shift were possible in high detail. Reasons for detected errors in the analyzed orthophoto imagery are changes in the lake level (order of 1m) or offset of the camera (maximum of 5 pixels). </span></span></p><p><span><span>No major ice-floating event was observed during the ablation period 2019. Furthermore, the aerial extent of icebergs in the proglacial lake decreased substantially in 2019. We therefore conclude that the process of lake-bottom ice disintegration has widely ceased and that the glacier ice at the lake bottom has mostly vanished. </span></span></p>

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