scholarly journals Photosynthesis‐driven methane production in oxic lake water as an important contributor to methane emission

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2853-2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Günthel ◽  
Isabell Klawonn ◽  
Jason Woodhouse ◽  
Mina Bižić ◽  
Danny Ionescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Important Contributor

scholarly journals Identification of naturally available forage species and their feeding effect on dairy cows in different climatic vulnerable areas of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
SMR Rahman ◽  
NR Sarker ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
MR Haque
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Check List ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Flood Prone Area ◽  
Drought Prone Area

An investigation was carried out with the objectives to identify the naturally occurring forage species, seasonal availability, production patterns under different climatic zones and production performance and methane emission from dairy cow under existing feeding systems. For this purpose, three different agro-climatic zones of Bangladesh, namely saline prone area (Satkhira), flood plain/river basin areas (Pabna), semi-arid/drought prone areas (Chapainobabgonj) were selected. To achieve the objectives, three Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted in each location to obtain more information from different age groups of farmers. A total of 9 FDGs were conducted under three selected locations and twelve participants were attended in each FGD. During FDGs, information was collected through participatory discussions through check list and also discussion was recorded to verify the information gathered as per check list.  After collection of information in each side, all the data were checked and analyzed. The results indicated that in saline area, farmers reported that different types of local grass e.g. Tale Shapna,Durba,Nona Shapna, Khud Gate/ KhudKhachra, Shama, Full Paira, Bass Pata, Math Pora/KhataShak, GhimeeShak and Baksha etc were available round the year but according to their observation Nona Shapna, Tale Shapna and Baksha were more available compared to other species of the natural grasses and these three natural forages are more suitable in this area. In the drought prone area, different types of native grasses e.g. Durba,Shama, Mutha,Katla,Kausha/Kannar, Binna, Datuloka,Shanchi, Shunshue, Bash Batari, Ulo and Binna Pati were identified and utilized by the farmers in different seasons but Durba,Katla and Mutha were found more drought tolerant compared to other species. In flood prone area, Kolmi, Shanti, Baksha, Arail, Dubla, Bokma, Vadail and Bolenga etc were found and Kolmi, Baksha and Arail are more suitable in this area. Farmers were also reported that fodder tree like Dumur/khoksha also is survive in water logging situation and or flood prone area. The study revealed that calculated total DMI (Kg/h/day) was the highest (14.14±1.06) in flood prone  followed by drought (13.80±1.30) and saline areas (4.43±0.20),  respectively. Similarly, the milk production was also higher (12.06±1.19 litre/h/day) in flood prone area followed by drought (4.47±0.60 litre/h/day) and saline (1.83±0.11 litre/h/day) areas, respectively. The calculated total methane emission (g/h/d) was significantly higher in flood prone (478.31±36.36) and the lowest in saline (153.35±7.14) prone areas. Whereas, methane production per unit of milk yield, was the lowest in flood prone (46.55±6.78) and the highest (110.48±21.69) in drought prone area and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).  Therefore, it may be concluded that farmers’ rearing animals under climate vulnerable areas utilizing natural grasses are more prone to higher methane production compared to animals rearing better feed resources though their availability was varied with the seasons and locations.  Hence, further research is needed to explore more suitable natural grasses in addition to introduction of high yielding fodder with higher biomass and nutritive values based on the existing cropping systems in those climate vulnerable areas for higher milk production and low enteric methane emission in the country.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (2): 150-158

scholarly journals Wetland restoration and methanogenesis: the activity of microbial populations and competition for substrates at different temperatures

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jerman ◽  
M. Metje ◽  
I. Mandić-Mulec ◽  
P. Frenzel
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Marsh Soil ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Acetoclastic Methanogenesis ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Water Saturated

Abstract. Ljubljana marsh in Slovenia is a 16 000 ha area of partly drained fen, intended to be flooded to restore its ecological functions. The resultant water-logging may create anoxic conditions, eventually stimulating production and emission of methane, the most important greenhouse gas next to carbon dioxide. We examined the upper layer (~30 cm) of Ljubljana marsh soil for microbial processes that would predominate in water-saturated conditions, focusing on the potential for iron reduction, carbon mineralization (CO2 and CH4 production), and methane emission. Methane emission from water-saturated microcosms was near minimum detectable levels even after extended periods of flooding (>5 months). Methane production in anoxic soil slurries started only after a lag period of 84 d at 15°C and a minimum of 7 d at 37°C, the optimum temperature for methanogenesis. This lag was inversely related to iron reduction, which suggested that iron reduction out-competed methanogenesis for electron donors, such as H2 and acetate. Methane production was observed only in samples incubated at 14–38°C. At the beginning of methanogenesis, acetoclastic methanogenesis dominated. In accordance with the preferred substrate, most (91%) mcrA (encoding the methyl coenzyme-M reductase, a key gene in methanogenesis) clone sequences could be affiliated to the acetoclastic genus Methanosarcina. No methanogens were detected in the original soil. However, a diverse community of iron-reducing Geobacteraceae was found. Our results suggest that methane emission can remain transient and low if water-table fluctuations allow re-oxidation of ferrous iron, sustaining iron reduction as the most important process in terminal carbon mineralization.

scholarly journals Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M. Joch ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
B. Hučko
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

Effect of added dietary nitrate and elemental sulfur on wool growth and methane emission of Merino lambs

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Li ◽  
C. I. Silveira ◽  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
I. R. Godwin ◽  
R. A. Leng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

The effects of dietary nitrate (NO3) and elemental sulfur (S) on nutrient utilisation, productivity, and methane emission of Merino lambs were investigated. Forty-four lambs were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 11) fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. The basal feed was supplemented with 1% urea + 0.18% S (T1), 1.88% NO3 + 0% S (T2), 1.88% NO3 + 0.18% S (T3), or 1.88% NO3 + 0.40% S (T4). Retention of S was improved by increasing the content of elemental S in the NO3-containing diet (P < 0.001), yet the N retention (g/day) by the animal, and the N and S content of wool (%), were not altered by S supplementation (P > 0.05). Dry matter intake, liveweight gain, and feed conversion ratio did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. Replacing urea with NO3 improved the rate of clean wool growth by 37% (P < 0.001, T1 vs T3). Clean wool growth increased by 26% (P < 0.001) when the S content of the NO3-containing diet was increased from 0 to 0.18% (T2 vs T3). Methane production (g/day) and methane yield (g/kg DM intake) were reduced (P < 0.05) by 24% when urea was replaced by NO3 (T1 vs T3). The addition of 0.4% S to a diet containing 1.88% NO3 also reduced methane production (P = 0.021) and methane yield (P = 0.028). In conclusion, the addition of 1.88% NO3 and 0.18% elemental S to a total mixed diet increased clean wool production and reduced methane production. However, there was no evidence of inter-relationships between NO3 and S.

scholarly journals Methane Emission of Cattle Fed Urochloa brizantha Hay Harvested at Different Stages

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
C. F. M. Nascimento ◽  
A. Berndt ◽  
L. A. Romero Solorzano ◽  
P. M. Meyer ◽  
R. T. S. Frighetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

<p>The objective of this trial was to assess the methane emission rate, as well as the digestibility and ruminal fermentation parameters in animals fed <em>Urochloa brizantha</em> hay harvested at different stages of growth. Six Nellore rumen-cannulated steers (402.0 ± 51.62 kg) were assigned to a replicated 3×3 Latin square (18 experimental units). Treatments differed according to three growth stages of the forage: 15 - hay with 15 days of growth, 45 - hay with 45 days of growth and 90 - hay with 90 days of growth. Each experimental period lasted 21 days. From the 8<sup>th</sup> day, feces were sampled during 5 days to determine apparent total digestibility of dry matter and its fractions. Beginning on the 13<sup>th</sup> day and running for 7 days, methane production was evaluated using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) tracer technique. On the 20<sup>th</sup> day, ruminal fluid was sampled prior to and after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours post-morning feeding for evaluating pH, ammonia-N and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). As the stage of forage growth for harvesting advanced in days, the digestibility coefficient of crude protein decreased and non-fibrous carbohydrate values increased. Methane production was affected not only by the stage of forage growth, but also by quality of its conservation after harvesting. There were significant differences among treatments when methane was expressed in g kg<sup>-1</sup> DMI, g kg<sup>-1</sup> OMI, % GE and % DE, with non-linear effect. The stage of forage growth did not influence ruminal pH, total concentration or molar proportion of SCFA, but decreased NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentration.</p>

scholarly journals Isolation of Key Methanogens for Global Methane Emission from Rice Paddy Fields: a Novel Isolate Affiliated with the Clone Cluster Rice Cluster I

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (13) ◽  
pp. 4326-4331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanae Sakai ◽  
Hiroyuki Imachi ◽  
Yuji Sekiguchi ◽  
Akiyoshi Ohashi ◽  
Hideki Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Rice Paddy Fields

ABSTRACT Despite the fact that rice paddy fields (RPFs) are contributing 10 to 25% of global methane emissions, the organisms responsible for methane production in RPFs have remained uncultivated and thus uncharacterized. Here we report the isolation of a methanogen (strain SANAE) belonging to an abundant and ubiquitous group of methanogens called rice cluster I (RC-I) previously identified as an ecologically important microbial component via culture-independent analyses. To enrich the RC-I methanogens from rice paddy samples, we attempted to mimic the in situ conditions of RC-I on the basis of the idea that methanogens in such ecosystems should thrive by receiving low concentrations of substrate (H2) continuously provided by heterotrophic H2-producing bacteria. For this purpose, we developed a coculture method using an indirect substrate (propionate) in defined medium and a propionate-oxidizing, H2-producing syntroph, Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans, as the H2 supplier. By doing so, we significantly enriched the RC-I methanogens and eventually obtained a methanogen within the RC-I group in pure culture. This is the first report on the isolation of a methanogen within RC-I.

scholarly journals Neonicotinoids stimulate H2-limited methane emission in Periplaneta americana through the regulation of gut bacterium community

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Bao ◽  
Haoli Gao ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Lu ◽  
Na Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Control Insect

AbstractMethane emitted by insects is considered to be an important source of atmospheric methane. Here we report the stimulation of methane emission in Periplaneta americana, an insect species with abundant methanogens, by neonicotinoids, insecticides widely used to control insect pests. The application of cycloxaprid (CYC) and imidacloprid (IMI) caused foregut expansion in P. americana, and increased the methane production and emission. Antibiotics could mostly eliminate the stimulatory effects. In P. americana gut, hydrogen levels increased and pH values decreased, which could be significantly explained by the gut bacterium community change. The proportion of several bacterium genera increased in guts following CYC treatment, and four genera from five with increased proportions could generate hydrogen at anaerobic conditions. Hydrogen is a central intermediate in methanogenesis. Gut methanogens could use the increased hydrogen to produce more methane, especially at acidic conditions. Following neonicotinoid applications, all increased methanogens in both foregut and hindgut used hydrogen as electron donor to produce methane. Besides, the up-regulation of mcrA, encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of methanogenesis, suggested an enhanced methane production ability in present methanogens. In the termite Coptotermes chaohuensis, another methanogen-abundant insect species, hydrogen levels in gut and methane emission significantly increased after neonicotinoid treatment, which was similar to the results in P. americana. In summary, neonicotinoids changed bacterium community in P. americana gut to generate more hydrogen, which then stimulate gut methanogens to produce and emit more methane. The finding raised a new concern over neonicotinoid applications, and might be a potential environmental risk associated with global warming.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Methane Emission from Wetlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 943 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Yueqiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Influence Degree

Abstract Methane research has attracted much attention of the scientific community, not only in that its contribution to global warming is second only to carbon dioxide, but also because the value-added potential of single molecule methane is 15-30 times that of carbon dioxide. As a unique ecosystem, wetland is the “source” of methane (CH4), which is an important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Methane emission from wetlands is the result of the combined effects of methane production, transport and oxidation processes, in which methane production is the prerequisite for methane emission. This paper studied the effects of different factors on methane production in wetlands, including methanogens and methanotrophs, substrate, temperature, soil water, pH, and vegetation, in order to find out the main factors that affect methane emission from wetlands and their influence degree so that could provide some reference for the estimation and prediction of global greenhouse effect.

scholarly journals Pithecellobium dulce, Tagetes erecta and Cosmos bipinnatus on reducing enteric methane emission by dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Stefanny Hernández Pineda ◽  
Paulina Elizabeth Pedraza Beltrán ◽  
Mohammed Benaouda ◽  
José Manuel Palma García ◽  
Francisca Avilés Nova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Cosmos Bipinnatus

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of Pithecellobium dulce, Tagetes erecta and Cosmos bipinnatus on methane emission, milk yield and dry matter intake in dairy cattle. A 4×4 Latin square experimental design was employed, using four multiparous Holstein cows of 553±72.4kg body weight, at mid lactation and average milk yield of 17.3±3kg/day. The experiment lasted 92 days, divided into four experimental periods of 23 days each. All cows had free access to maize and alfalfa silage in a 50:50 proportion, 4kg of concentrate/day and ad libitum access to water. Treatments consisted in supplementation of 0.5kg/day of the experimental plants, with one control treatment without supplementation. Each cow received one of each treatment in turn during one of the four periods. The C. bipinnatus reduced methane production by 16% (P<0,05) in comparison with the control diet. Milk production, milk composition and dry matter intake were not affected (p>0 0.05) by the use of C. bipinnatus or any other plant species. Supplementation at low doses of C. bipinnatus showed a reduction in ruminal methane production in dairy cows.

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