Glomalin‐related soil protein distributions in the wetlands of the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China: Implications for carbon sequestration and mineral weathering of coastal wetlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 979-991
Author(s):  
Lixin Pei ◽  
Siyuan Ye ◽  
Hongming Yuan ◽  
Shaofeng Pei ◽  
Shucheng Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Liaohe Delta ◽  
Soil Protein

The distributions of Glomalin-related soil protein in the coastal wetlands of the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China: Implications for mineral weathering and carbon sequestration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Pei ◽  
Siyuan Ye ◽  
Hongming Yuan ◽  
Shaofeng Pei ◽  
Shucheng Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Liaohe Delta ◽  
Soil Protein

<p>The role of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in conditioning soils is achieved by its metabolite glomalin. However, glomalin has not been biochemically defined, it has often been quantified in terms of Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP). Therefore, as a proxy for AMF, GRSP has been widely used to explore the role of AMFs in various ecosystems around the world. However, information on AMF-carbon-weathering interactions is limited. To evaluate the relationship among the AMF, carbon content, nutrients and chemical index of alteration (CIA), GRSP in 133 surface sediment samples and the major components, nutrient content and the grain size of 304 surface sediment samples were analyzed in the wetlands of the Liaohe Delta (LHD), including the upper delta plain wetlands (UDPW) and its adjacent shallow sea wetlands (SSW). The GRSP concentrations averaged over 133 samples were 2.30 ± 0.17 mg g<sup>-1</sup>, in a range between 0.11 and 11.31mg g<sup>-1</sup>, and significantly affected by the land use pattern. The ratios of organic carbon in GRSP (GRSP-C) to soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged between 0.71 and 25.34%, with an average of 10.34 ± 0.52%, confirmed that GRSP was an important part of the sediment carbon pool in the LHD. In addition, it is worth noting that the carbon dynamics in these wetlands were closely related to human activities. The CIA values varied from 18.97 to 68.75, and were significantly higher in the UDPW than in the SSW (p<0.05). In order to explore the effect of AMF on weathering process, triangle maps were constructed to analyze the weathering characteristics of sediment samples with different GRSP concentrations. The results indicated that biologically AMF-mediated weathering in this area leads to the formation of clay minerals. Moreover, The CIA was significantly correlated with GRSP concentrations (r=0.43, p<0.01), and both the CIA and GRSP were significantly correlated with nutrient concentrations (SOC, TN, P, and Fe) (p<0.01). These results indicate that AMF excursions in wetland ecosystems enhance carbon sequestration and mineral weathering, and in turn they alter retention of at least some nutrients.</p>

scholarly journals Factors influencing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3469-3503 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Olsson ◽  
S. Ye ◽  
X. Yu ◽  
M. Wei ◽  
K. W. Krauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Liaohe Delta

Abstract. Many factors are known to influence greenhouse gas emissions from coastal wetlands, but it is still unclear which factors are most important under field conditions when they are all acting simultaneously. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of water table, salinity, soil temperature and vegetation on CH4 emissions and ecosystem respiration (Reco) from five coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, northeast China: two Phragmites australis (common reed) wetlands, two Suaeda salsa (sea blite) marshes and a rice (Oryza sativa) paddy. Throughout the growing season, the Suaeda wetlands were net CH4 sinks whereas the Phragmites wetlands and the rice paddy were net CH4 sources emitting 1.2–6.1 g CH4 m−2 y−1. The Phragmites wetlands emitted the most CH4 per unit area and the most CH4 relative to CO2. The main controlling factors for the CH4 emissions were water table, temperature and salinity. The CH4 emission was accelerated at high and constant (or managed) water tables and decreased at water tables below the soil surface. High temperatures enhanced CH4 emissions, and emission rates were consistently low (< 1 mg CH4 m−2 h) at soil temperatures <18 °C. At salinity levels > 18 ppt, the CH4 emission rates were always low (< 1 mg CH4 m−2 h−1) probably because methanogens were outcompeted by sulphate reducing bacteria. Saline Phragmites wetlands can, however, emit significant amounts of CH4 as CH4 produced in deep soil layers are transported through the air-space tissue of the plants to the atmosphere. The CH4 emission from coastal wetlands can be reduced by creating fluctuating water tables, including water tables below the soil surface, as well as by occasional flooding by high-salinity water. The effects of water management schemes on the biological communities in the wetlands must, however, be carefully studied prior to the management in order to avoid undesirable effects on the wetland communities.

scholarly journals Factors influencing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 4965-4977 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Olsson ◽  
S. Ye ◽  
X. Yu ◽  
M. Wei ◽  
K. W. Krauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Liaohe Delta

Abstract. Many factors are known to influence greenhouse gas emissions from coastal wetlands, but it is still unclear which factors are most important under field conditions when they are all acting simultaneously. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of water table, salinity, soil temperature and vegetation on CH4 emissions and ecosystem respiration (Reco) from five coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China: two Phragmites australis (common reed) wetlands, two Suaeda salsa (sea blite) marshes and a rice (Oryza sativa) paddy. Throughout the growing season, the Suaeda wetlands were net CH4 sinks whereas the Phragmites wetlands and the rice paddy were net CH4 sources emitting 1.2–6.1 g CH4 m−2 yr−1. The Phragmites wetlands emitted the most CH4 per unit area and the most CH4 relative to CO2. The main controlling factors for the CH4 emissions were water table, temperature, soil organic carbon and salinity. The CH4 emission was accelerated at high and constant (or managed) water tables and decreased at water tables below the soil surface. High temperatures enhanced CH4 emissions, and emission rates were consistently low (< 1 mg CH4 m−2 h−1) at soil temperatures < 18 °C. At salinity levels > 18 ppt, the CH4 emission rates were always low (< 1 mg CH4 m−2 h−1) probably because methanogens were out-competed by sulphate-reducing bacteria. Saline Phragmites wetlands can, however, emit significant amounts of CH4 as CH4 produced in deep soil layers are transported through the air-space tissue of the plants to the atmosphere. The CH4 emission from coastal wetlands can be reduced by creating fluctuating water tables, including water tables below the soil surface, as well as by occasional flooding by high-salinity water. The effects of water management schemes on the biological communities in the wetlands must, however, be carefully studied prior to the management in order to avoid undesirable effects on the wetland communities.

scholarly journals Prediction Potential of Remote Sensing-Related Variables in the Topsoil Organic Carbon Density of Liaohekou Coastal Wetlands, Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4106
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Mingyi Zhou ◽  
Qianlai Zhuang ◽  
Liping Guo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Flat Terrain ◽  
Soc Density

Wetland ecosystems contain large amounts of soil organic carbon. Their natural environment is often both at the junction of land and water with good conditions for carbon sequestration. Therefore, the study of accurate prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) density in coastal wetland ecosystems of flat terrain areas is the key to understanding their carbon cycling. This study used remote sensing data to study SOC density potentials of coastal wetland ecosystems in Northeast China. Eleven environmental variables including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), difference vegetation index (DVI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), renormalization difference vegetation index (RDVI), ratio vegetation index (RVI), topographic wetness index (TWI), elevation, slope aspect (SA), slope gradient (SG), mean annual temperature (MAT), and mean annual precipitation (MAP) were selected to predict SOC density. A total of 193 soil samples (0–30 cm) were divided into two parts, 70% of the sampling sites data were used to construct the boosted regression tree (BRT) model containing three different combinations of environmental variables, and the remaining 30% were used to test the predictive performance of the model. The results show that the full variable model is better than the other two models. Adding remote sensing-related variables significantly improved the model prediction. This study revealed that SAVI, NDVI and DVI were the main environmental factors affecting the spatial variation of topsoil SOC density of coastal wetlands in flat terrain areas. The mean (±SD) SOC density of full variable models was 18.78 (±1.95) kg m−2, which gradually decreased from northeast to southwest. We suggest that remote sensing-related environmental variables should be selected as the main environmental variables when predicting topsoil SOC density of coastal wetland ecosystems in flat terrain areas. Accurate prediction of topsoil SOC density distribution will help to formulate soil management policies and enhance soil carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals Soil Carbon Sequestration Due to Salt-Affected Soil Amelioration with Coal Bio-Briquette Ash: A Case Study in Northeast China

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Yuji Sakai ◽  
Masataka Nakamura ◽  
Chang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Amelioration ◽  
Salt Affected Soil

Increasing soil carbon storage and biomass utilization is an effective process for mitigating global warming. Coal bio-briquettes (CBB) are made using two low-ranked coals with high sulfur content, corn stalks, and calcium hydroxide, and the combustion ash can ameliorate the physicochemical properties in salt-affected soil. CBB ash contains mainly calcium compounds, such as calcium sulfate, calcium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate, and coal fly ash and biomass ash. In this paper, changes in soil carbon and nitrogen content through salt-affected soil amelioration during 5 months using two CBB ashes and pig manure were examined in Northeast China. Application rates of CBB ash were 0 tha−1 (control), 11.6 tha−1, 23.2 tha−1, 46.4 tha−1, and 69.6 tha−1. Consequently, total carbon content in topsoil (0–0.15 m) after harvest of maize in all test fields indicated a range between 27.7 tCha−1 and 50.2 tCha−1, and showed increased levels compared to untreated salt-affected soil. In a 3.0% (69.6 tha−1) application plot of only CBB ash with higher carbon and higher exchangeable Ca2+, the carbon content increased by 51.5% compared to control plot, and changes in carbon sequestration compared to untreated soil was roughly twice that of the control plot. CBB ash contributed to carbon application and pig manure supply as a form of N fertilization in the case of all test plots. Changes in carbon content due to soil amelioration have a significant relationship with changes in corn production and soil chemical properties, such as pH, Na+, Cl−, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Therefore, CBB production from low-ranked coal and waste biomass, and the use of CBB ash in agriculture is advocated as an effective means for sequestering carbon.

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