Evidence for regional‐scale controls on eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) and mesograzer community structure in upwelling‐influenced estuaries

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1120-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Hayduk ◽  
Sally D. Hacker ◽  
Jeremy S. Henderson ◽  
Fiona Tomas
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Regional Scale

scholarly journals Establishing a Baseline for Regional Scale Monitoring of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Habitat on the Lower Alaska Peninsula

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 12447-12477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Hogrefe ◽  
David Ward ◽  
Tyrone Donnelly ◽  
Niels Dau
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Alaska Peninsula

Diversity of Small Mammals in the Pacific Coastal Desert of Peru and Chile and in the Adjacent Andean Area - Biogeography and Community Structure

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Marquet
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Desert Area ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Coastal Desert ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Species diversity patterns of small mammals (sigmodontine rodents) in the Chilean-Peruvian Pacific coastal desert and adjacent Andean area (Puna) were analysed by means of latitudinal and altitudinal transects. The statistical analyses of the patterns show: (1) a wide variation in latitudinal species diversity, with a peak in the region where the Puna reaches its greatest areal extent; (2) the differentiation of at least four groups of distinct faunal elements resulting from the interaction of large-scale biogeographic, geological and evolutionary processes; (3) a positive correlation between species richness and altitude for the altitudinal transects located within the Pacific coastal desert area and Puna; and (4) a highly individualistic pattern of community structure at a regional scale. These results are discussed considering biogeographic, palaeoclimatic and evolutionary processes, such as the establishment of the Pacific coastal desert, and the existence of a major centre of species diversification in the Puna area. Similarities and differences between these community-level patterns and those in North American deserts are discussed.

scholarly journals Coral community bleaching response on a highly urbanised reef

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R Guest ◽  
Jeffrey Low ◽  
Karenne Tun ◽  
Jani I Tanzil ◽  
Peter A Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Coral Community ◽  
Bleaching Response ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Relative Cover ◽  
June July

Projected increases in the magnitude and frequency of sea surface temperature anomalies present a significant threat to the persistence of tropical coral reefs, however, detailed studies of community level responses to thermal stress are needed if its effect on reef resilience are to be understood. While many studies report on broad, regional scale responses to thermal stress (e.g., proportion of corals bleached), far fewer examine variation in susceptibility among taxa and change in coral community structure, before, during and after bleaching on individual reefs. Furthermore, relatively few studies of bleaching response come from highly urbanised reefs that experience chronic disturbances such as elevated sedimentation and turbidity. Here we report in detail on the bleaching response of corals at a highly urbanised reef site south of mainland Singapore during (June, July) and immediately after (October) a major thermal coral bleaching event in 2010. To estimate the capacity for resistance and resilience to thermal stress, we report on a) the overall bleaching severity during and after the event, b) differences in bleaching susceptibility among taxa during the event and c) the response of the reef in terms of taxonomic community structure before (2009) and after (2012) bleaching. Despite severe bleaching in 2010 (66% of colonies bleached), post-bleaching recovery appeared to be relatively rapid and coral taxa that are usually highly susceptible (e.g., Acropora and Pocillopora) were relatively unaffected, i.e., either they did not bleach or they bleached and recovered. Although there was no significant change in coral taxonomic community structure among years, taxa that bleached most severely tended to have the greatest reductions in relative cover. Several factors may have contributed to the overall high resistance of this site to bleaching including turbidity, symbiont affiliation and heterotrophy. A parsimonious explanation for the reversed pattern of bleaching susceptibility among taxa is that these coral populations have adapted and/or acclimatised to thermal stress. Despite ongoing chronic anthropogenic impacts, we suggest that this site has potential for rapid recovery of coral cover due to the dominant coral taxa and growth forms being capable of rapid regrowth from remnant colonies.

Algal epiphytes of Zostera marina: Variation in assemblage structure from individual leaves to regional scale

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Johnson ◽  
Maeve Edwards ◽  
Francis Bunker ◽  
Christine A. Maggs
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Assemblage Structure

scholarly journals Long-term changes in the species and functional diversity of a fine sand macrobenthic community in the English Channel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Bacouillard ◽  
Noémie Baux ◽  
Jean-Claude Dauvin ◽  
Nicolas Desroy ◽  
Katja Juliana Geiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Functional Diversity Indices

In the eastern Bay of Seine, which is a representative area of coastal zones exposed to numerous anthropogenic disturbances, data from a long-term monitoring program of the benthic macrofauna based on a framework of 60 stations sampled during 7 cruises from 1988 to 2016 were used to investigate the link between species and functional diversity at different scales and assess how long-term changes in the community structure may have altered the ecosystem functioning. To cover the different facets of α-diversity, a selection of species and functional diversity indices were calculated and the links between these metrics were determined from a Principal Component Analysis. The β-diversity was analysed by applying multivariate methods on both species and traits composition matrices. Population fluctuations of a few very abundant species led to the major variations observed in the structure of the community in both taxonomic and functional aspects. A certain redundancy was found among species and functional diversity indices in terms of richness, evenness and heterogeneity. Likewise, at regional scale, similar patterns were reported on the spatial structure of the community in terms of species and trait composition. These patterns persist over time suggesting that the community structure and its functioning are rather resilient.

scholarly journals Biotic and abiotic factors predict the biogeography of soil microbes in the Serengeti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Maxwell Stevens ◽  
Derek Lee Sonderegger ◽  
Nancy Collins Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Bacterial And Archaeal Communities ◽  
Archaeal Communities

AbstractField-based observational research is the first step in understanding the factors that predict the biogeography and community structure of soil microbes. The Serengeti National Park in Tanzania is an ideal location for this type of research because active volcanoes generate strong environmental gradients due to ash deposition and a rain shadow. Also, as one of the last remaining naturally grazed ecosystems on Earth, the Serengeti provides insights about the influence of herbivory on microbial communities. We used 16S rRNA amplicons to characterize bacterial and archaeal communities in soils from a 13-year herbivore removal experiment to study the influence of environmental factors and grazing on the natural distribution of soil microbes. We collected soil samples from seven sites, each with three naturally grazed plots and three plots that were fenced to prevent grazing by large mammalian herbivores. Soil fertility (phosphorus, nitrogen, iron, calcium, organic matter), texture, and pH were measured at each plot. Beta diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities was most strongly correlated with soil texture (R2 = 32.4%). The abundance of many operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were correlated with soil texture, and the evenness of taxa within samples increased with fine-textured soil. Removal of grazing shifted community structure, with 31 OTUs that were significant indicator taxa of the ungrazed treatment and three OTUs that were significant indicators of the grazed treatment.ImportanceOur results show that in this regional scale study, soil texture was the best environmental predictor, and grazing by large mammals also structures bacterial and archaeal communities. When large mammals are removed, as humans have been doing for millenia, there are cascading effects into the microbial world that can influence ecosystem functions like carbon and nitrogen cycles. These empirical findings from a natural tropical savannah can help inform models of the global distribution and function of soil microbes.

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