Both Dietary Fatty Acids and Those Present in the Cecotrophs Contribute to the Distinctive Chemical Characteristics of New Zealand Rabbit Milk Fat

Lipids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1085-1096
Author(s):  
Claudia A. Betancourt López ◽  
María G. Bernal Santos ◽  
Pedro A. Vázquez Landaverde ◽  
Dale E. Bauman ◽  
Kevin J. Harvatine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Zealand Rabbit ◽  
Rabbit Milk

scholarly journals Dietary fat intake in healthy adolescents: inverse relationships between the estimated intake of saturated fatty acids and serum cholesterol

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gösta Samuelson ◽  
Lars-Erik Bratteby ◽  
Rawya Mohsen ◽  
Bengt Vessby
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One

The objective of the present study was to describe the intake of dietary fatty acids among healthy 15-year-old boys and girls and to relate the intake of specific fatty acids and the fatty acid composition of the serum cholesterol esters to serum lipid, apolipoprotein (Apo) and insulin concentrations respectively. Fifty-two girls and forty-two boys were randomly selected from the official population register. Unexpectedly, significant inverse associations were found between the dietary content of saturated fatty acids with a chain length of four to fifteen C atoms, mainly derived from milk fat, as well as the corresponding fatty acids in the serum cholesterol esters, on the one hand and the serum concentrations of cholesterol and ApoB on the other. The estimated dietary intake of 4:0–10:0, 12:0 and 14:0 respectively, were all significantly inversely related to the serum cholesterol (r-0.32,r-0.31,r-0.30, all P<0.05) and ApoB (r-0.42,r-0.42, andr-0.40, all P<0.05) concentrations in girls and 12:0 to the ApoB concentration (r-0.55, P<0.01) in boys. The proportions of 12:0 and 15:0 in the serum cholesterol esters were negatively correlated with the serum cholesterol concentrations in both girls (r-0.34,r-0.32, P<0.05) and boys (r-0.53, P<0.01;r-0.32, P<0.05) and with the ApoB concentrations among boys (r-0.61, P<0.01;r-0.43, P<0.05). It is conceivable that milk fat contains or is associated with some component in the diet, or some other characteristics of the food intake, which counterbalances the expected positive relationships between saturated fat intake and lipid levels.

scholarly journals The effects of hormones on milk-fat synthesis in mammary explants from pseudopregnant rabbits

1972 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Strong ◽  
Isabel Forsyth ◽  
Raymond Dils
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Rabbit Milk

1. When freshly prepared explants from pseudopregnant-rabbit mammary gland were incubated with sodium [1-14C]acetate plus glucose, they synthesized triglyceride and phospholipid containing long-chain fatty acids. Explants cultured with insulin and corticosterone also synthesized these products. The addition of prolactin to this culture medium increased the rate of fatty acid synthesis up to 40-fold and the explants synthesized predominantly triglyceride enriched with C8:0 and C10:0 fatty acids characteristic of rabbit milk. 2. The maximum rates of fatty acid synthesis obtained by explants from pseudopregnant-rabbit mammary gland after culture with insulin, corticosterone and prolactin were similar to those observed with freshly prepared explants from lactating-rabbit mammary gland. The time in culture required to attain these maximum rates varied between animals, and did not appear to be connected with the time required (6–7 days) to synthesize the maximum proportions of C8:0 and C10:0 acids. 3. As the pattern of short- and medium-chain milk fatty acids is characteristic for many species, the techniques described to determine the time-course for the development of this pattern can be used to investigate hormonal response.

Effects of common dietary fatty acids on milk yield and concentrations of fat and fatty acids in dairy cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. R. Dorea ◽  
L. E. Armentano
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Total Milk

The objective of the present article was to summarise the effects of five common dietary fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3) on the major milk fat groups (<C16, C16 and C18). Forty published papers were reviewed to evaluate the effect of adding free fat or oil supplements rich in C16 and C18 fatty acids on the response of milk fat secretion and composition. From those 40 studies, 21 were used to investigate the effect of total dietary concentration of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 on milk secretion or concentrations of milk <C16, C16 and C18 fatty acid groups. The results indicated that C16 supplementation increased total milk fatty acids, mainly by increasing milk C16 yield, without affecting milk <C16 and C18 yield. Supplements rich in unsaturated fatty acid decreased total milk fatty acid by inhibiting secretion of milk fatty acids shorter than C18, with linoleic acid being the most inhibitory. Mixtures of feed fatty acid (C16:0 + C18:0 and C16:0 + C18:1) did not significantly affect total milk fatty acid yield. According to regression of milk C16 yield on dietary fatty acid, endogenous C16 contributes ~80% of total milk C16, but this proportion varies with the level and type of dietary fatty acid fed. Milk mid-infrared analysis can be used to routinely measure the presence of milk <C16 fatty acid, the concentration of which provides a good indicator of inhibition of milk fatty acid secretion. In contrast, measurement of total milk fat content is less effective as a diagnostic tool due to the masking effect of the exogenous supply of C16 and C18 dietary fatty acids.

scholarly journals Effect of calcium salts of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acids containingtrans-10,cis-12 in the diet on milk fat synthesis in goats

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Shingfield ◽  
Jacques Rouel ◽  
Yves Chilliard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Dietary supplements of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) containingtrans-10,cis-12 CLA decrease milk fat secretion in the lactating cow and sheep, but their effects on mammary lipogenesis in the goat are less well defined. Eight lactating goats were used in two 4 × 4 Latin-square experiments with 14 d experimental periods to examine the effects of calcium salts of CLA methyl esters (CaCLA) containingtrans-10,cis-12 on milk fat synthesis. Experimental treatments consisted of incremental inclusion of 0, 30, 60 or 90 g of CaCLA/d (corresponding to 7·47, 14·9 and 22·4 g/d oftrans-10,cis-12 CLA) offered during the first 10 d of each experimental period that replaced maize grain in concentrates (Experiment 1) or calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids (Experiment 2). Relative to the control, inclusion of 30, 60 or 90 g CaCLA/d in the diet reduced milk fat yield by 19·8, 27·9 and 32·3 % and 17·5, 39·0 and 49·3 % in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Decreases in milk fat were due to reductions in the secretion of fatty acids synthesisedde novorather than the uptake of fatty acids from the peripheral circulation. Indirect comparisons with the studies in the lactating cow indicated a lower efficacy of CaCLA supplements on mammary lipogenesis in the goat. In conclusion, CaCLA in the diet inhibits milk fat synthesis in the goat, responses that are dependent on the supply of dietary fatty acids, with evidence that the caprine is less sensitive to the anti-lipogenic effects oftrans-10,cis-12 CLA compared with the bovine or ovine.

scholarly journals PRINCIPAIS ASPECTOS RELACIONADOS ÀS ALTERAÇÕES NO PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS NA GORDURA DO LEITE DE RUMINANTES

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. OLIVEIRA ◽  
J.M.C. SIMAS ◽  
F.A.P. SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Cla Isomers ◽  
Lipid Supplementation ◽  
Stimulation Of

A busca por recursos que possibilitem aos animais atingir o seu potencial de produção é uma constante na área de pesquisa animal. A suplementação com lipídeos é uma estratégia que possibilita, além de benefícios ao desempenho animal, alterar características relacionadas principalmente ao perfil da gordura de produtos de origem animal. No entanto, os lipídeos fornecidos na dieta são modificados no rúmen sofrendo um processo de saturação através da lipólise e biohidrogenação, sendo esses os primeiros mecanismos de alteração dos ácidos graxos (AG) presentes na dieta. O aumento na proporção de ácidos graxos insaturados nos produtos de origem animal, em especial o ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA), está diretamente ligados à manipulação do ambiente ruminal, assim como outros recursos que propiciem uma sua maior incorporação. A produção dos isômeros de CLA no rúmen é altamente dependente do ambiente ruminal, onde dietas que causem uma redução no pH ruminal podem se constituir em estratégia para a proteção de fontes suplementares de lipídeos insaturados (óleos) contra a biohidrogenação. São atribuídas diferentes funções no organismo aos isômeros de CLA, sendo ao cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 a responsabilidade pela inibição no crescimento de tumores, redução de doenças cardiovasculares e estímulo ao sistema imune, enquanto os isômeros cis-8, trans- 10 C18:2 e trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 possuem ação sobre determinadas enzimas responsáveis pela síntese de gordura na glândula mamária, reduzindo assim sua produção e concentração no leite. Main aspects related to changes in the profile of fatty acids in ruminant milk fat Abstract The search for resources that allow animals to reach their production potential is constant in animal research. Lipid supplementation is a strategy that, besides enhancing animal performance, also changes characteristics related to the fat profile of animal products. However, lipids supplied by the diet are submitted to changes, undergoing saturation through lipolysis and biohydrogenation, which are the first mechanisms of change of the dietary fatty acids (FA). The increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in animal products, particularly of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is directly related to the manipulation of the rumen environment, as well as other resources allowing its higher incorporation. The production of CLA isomers is largely dependent on the ruminal environment, where diets causing pH reduction may be used as a strategy to protect unsaturated fat (oil) supplements against biohydrogenation. Different functions are attributed to CLA isomers in the organism: cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 is responsible for the inhibition of tumors, reduction of cardiovascular diseases, and stimulation of the immune system, whereas cis-8, trans-10 C18:2 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 act on some enzymes that are responsible for fat synthesis in the mammary gland, thus reducing their production and concentration in the milk.

Effects of supplemental dietary fatty acids on milk yield and fatty acid composition in high and medium yielding cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Riis Weisbjerg ◽  
Lars Wiking ◽  
Niels Bastian Kristensen ◽  
Peter Lund
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule

The present study tested the hypothesis that supplemental dietary fatty acids (FA) affect the energy corrected milk yield in proportion to the milk production level of dairy cows, and increase both long chain FA proportion of milk FA and milk fat globule diameter. Sixteen Danish Holstein cows were divided into four 4×4 Latin squares with two squares of medium yielding cows (32·2 kg energy corrected milk (ECM)/d; 158 days in milk (DIM)) and two squares of high yielding cows (40·0 kg ECM/d; 74 DIM). Experimental length was 12 weeks, with three weeks for each of the four periods. The four treatments were no supplementation (17 g FA/kg dry matter (DM)) and three diets with supplemented FA (29, 40, and 52 g total FA/kg DM, respectively) obtained by substituting barley with Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) fat. Diets were offered as total mixed rations with 63% grass/clover silage (DM basis). Dry matter intake decreased with increasing FA supplementation, but net energy intake was not affected. The general linear responses to 10 g/kg DM increase in FA level were 1·1 kg ECM (P<0·0001), 0·061 kg milk fat (P<0·0001), 0·012 kg milk protein (P=0·09) and 0·052 kg lactose (P=0·0002) per day, and linear responses in milk composition were 0·39 g fat (P=0·07), −0·71 g protein (P<0·0001) and 0·05 g lactose (P=0·3) per kg milk, and 0·092 μm (P<0·0001) in milk fat average globule diameter. Fatty acid supplementation decreased short- and medium-chain FA and C16:0 and increased C18:1 proportions of total FA in milk. Supplemental dietary FA increased ECM yield but not in proportion to production level as anticipated, and increased average FA chain length and milk fat globule diameter.

The effects of increasing amounts of dietary tallow on milk-fat secretion in the cow

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
A. J. Hall ◽  
V. W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Transfer To Milk

SummaryThe effects of 2, 4, 7 and 10% supplements of tallow to a basal diet low in fat on the composition of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen and on the secretion in milk of fat and its component fatty acids are reported. There were no significant effects of the tallow on rumen VFA or on the secretion of total milk fat. The yields in milk of stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1) acids were positively correlated and those of palmitic (16:0) and myristic (14:0) acids negatively correlated with their respective dietary intakes. Apart from butyric acid which increased, the yields of other short-chain acids synthesized within the mammary gland decreased with increased intake of tallow. Possible factors influencing the output of total milk fat through a balance between increased transfer to milk of dietary fatty acids and decreased intramammary synthesis of fatty acids are discussed.

Postprandial Activation of Coagulant Factor VII by Long-chain Dietary Fatty Acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A B Sanders ◽  
G J Miller ◽  
Tamara de Grassi ◽  
Najat Yahia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Long Chain

SummaryFactor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc) is associated with an increased risk of fatal ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Several reports have suggested that dietary fat intake or hypertriglyceridaemia are associated with elevated levels of FVII. This study demonstrates that an intake of long-chain fatty acids sufficient to induce postprandial lipaemia in healthy subjects leads to a substantial elevation in both FVIIc and the concentration of FVII circulating in the activated form. Such an increase in FVIIc could not be induced by medium-chain triglycerides. These results suggest that the consumption of a sufficient amount of long-chain triglycerides to induce postprandial lipaemia induces the activation of FVII.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document