Calcium-sodium exchange equilibria in two soils of Chambal Command Area of Rajasthan, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 2739-2745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balendra Singh ◽  
Prakash Chandra Srivastava ◽  
Manoj Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Command Area ◽  
Sodium Exchange

Replacement of Sub Minors With Pressurized Irrigation Systems: In Canal Command Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Monali Patel ◽  
◽  
Sahita I Waikhom ◽  
Dr. P.G. Agnihotry Dr. P.G. Agnihotry
Keyword(s):  
Command Area ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Pressurized Irrigation ◽  
Canal Command ◽  
Canal Command Area

Multi-Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming for Land Allocation under Different Crops in Bhagwanpur Distributary

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHUTOSH UPADHYAYA
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fuzzy Linear Programming ◽  
Programming Method ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Linear Programming Method ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Labour Requirement ◽  
Canal Command Area

A study was undertaken in Bhagwanpur distributary of Vaishali Branch Canal in Gandak Canal Command Area, Bihar to optimally allocate land area under different crops (rice and maize in kharif, wheat, lentil, potato in rabi and green gram in summer) in such a manner that maximizes net return, maximizes crop production and minimizes labour requirement employing simplex linear programming method and Multi-Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming (MOFLP) method. Maximum net return, maximum agricultural production, and minimum labour required under defined constraints (including 10% affinity level of farmers to rice and wheat crops) as obtained employing Simplex method were ` 3.7 × 108, 5.06 × 107 Kg and 66,092 man-days, respectively, whereas Multi-Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming (MOFLP) method yielded compromised solution with net return, crop production and labour required as ` 2.4 × 108, 3.3 × 107Kg and 1,79,313 man-days, respectively. As the affinity level of farmers to rice and wheat crops increased from 10% to 40%, maximum net return and maximum production as obtained from simplex linear programming method and MOFLP followed a decreasing trend and minimum labour required followed an increasing trend. MOFLP may be considered as one of the best capable ways of providing a compromised solution, which can fulfill all the objectives at a time.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Groundwater to the Salinization of Reservoir-Based Irrigation Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Michiele Gebrehiwet ◽  
Nata T. Tafesse ◽  
Solomon Habtu ◽  
Berhanu F. Alemaw ◽  
Kebabonye Laletsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Hydrochemical Facies ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Silicate Weathering ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Carbonate Minerals ◽  
Watershed Area

This study evaluates the cause of salinization in an irrigation scheme of 100 ha supplied from a reservoir. The scheme is located in Gumselasa catchment (28 km2), Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. The catchment is underlain by limestone–shale–marl intercalations with dolerite intrusion and some recent sediments. Water balance computation, hydrochemical analyses and irrigation water quality analyses methods were used in this investigation. Surface waters (river and reservoir) and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. The water table in the irrigated land is ranging 0.2–2 m below the ground level. The majority of groundwater in the effective watershed area and the river and dam waters are fresh and alkaline whereas in the command area the groundwater is dominantly brackish and alkaline. The main hydrochemical facies in the groundwater in the effective watershed area are Ca-Na-SO4-HCO3, Ca-Na- HCO3-SO4, and Ca-Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3. The river and dam waters are Mg-Na-HCO3-SO4 and HCO3-SO4-Cl types, respectively. In the command area the main hydrochemical facies in the groundwater are Ca-Na-HCO3-SO4 and Ca-Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3. Irrigation water quality analyses revealed that salinity and toxicity hazards increase from the effective watershed to the irrigated land following the direction of the water flow. The results also showed that the analyzed waters for irrigation purpose had no sodicity hazard. The major composition controlling mechanisms in the groundwater chemistry was identified as the dissolution of carbonate minerals, silicate weathering, and cation exchange. One of the impacts of the construction of the dam in the hydrologic environment of the catchment is on its groundwater potential. The dam is indirectly recharging the aquifers and enhances the groundwater potential of the area. This increment of availability of groundwater enhanced dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite, and gypsum), silicate weathering and cation exchange processes, which are the main causes of salinity in the irrigated land. The rising of the brackish groundwater combined with insufficient leaching contributed to secondary salinization development in the irrigated land. Installation of surface and subsurface drainage systems and planting salt tolerant (salt loving) plants are recommended to minimize the risk of salinization and salt accumulation in the soils of the irrigated land.

Hydro-environmental assessment of a regional ground water aquifer: Hirakud command area (India)

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 4165-4178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Dhar ◽  
Satiprasad Sahoo ◽  
Uday Mandal ◽  
Saumava Dey ◽  
Nilima Bishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Command Area

517 Sodium exchange in smooth muscle

1961 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
P.J. Goodford
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Sodium Exchange
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