Impact of forest fires generated black carbon deposition fluxes in Great Hinggan Mountains (China)

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 2073-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanyu Gao ◽  
Jiabao He ◽  
Jinxin Cong ◽  
Shaoqing Zhang ◽  
Guoping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Deposition Fluxes

scholarly journals Quantifying black carbon deposition over the Greenland ice sheet from forest fires in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (15) ◽  
pp. 7965-7974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Thomas ◽  
C. M. Polashenski ◽  
A. J. Soja ◽  
L. Marelle ◽  
K. A. Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet

scholarly journals Observed and Modeled Black Carbon Deposition and Sources in the Western Russian Arctic 1800–2014

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meri M. Ruppel ◽  
Sabine Eckhardt ◽  
Antto Pesonen ◽  
Kenichiro Mizohata ◽  
Markku J. Oinonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Russian Arctic

scholarly journals Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Large Fires ◽  
Forest Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Ignition

Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Atmospheric Aerosol Physicochemical Characteristics in the Russian Sector of the Arctic Ocean

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1170
Author(s):  
Sergey Sakerin ◽  
Dmitry Kabanov ◽  
Valery Makarov ◽  
Viktor Pol’kin ◽  
Svetlana Popova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

The results from studies of aerosol in the Arctic atmosphere are presented: the aerosol optical depth (AOD), the concentrations of aerosol and black carbon, as well as the chemical composition of the aerosol. The average aerosol characteristics, measured during nine expeditions (2007–2018) in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean, had been 0.068 for AOD (0.5 µm); 2.95 cm−3 for particle number concentrations; 32.1 ng/m3 for black carbon mass concentrations. Approximately two–fold decrease of the average characteristics in the eastern direction (from the Barents Sea to Chukchi Sea) is revealed in aerosol spatial distribution. The average aerosol characteristics over the Barents Sea decrease in the northern direction: black carbon concentrations by a factor of 1.5; particle concentrations by a factor of 3.7. These features of the spatial distribution are caused mainly by changes in the content of fine aerosol, namely: by outflows of smokes from forest fires and anthropogenic aerosol. We considered separately the measurements of aerosol characteristics during two expeditions in 2019: in the north of the Barents Sea (April) and along the Northern Sea Route (July–September). In the second expedition the average aerosol characteristics turned out to be larger than multiyear values: AOD reached 0.36, particle concentration up to 8.6 cm−3, and black carbon concentration up to 179 ng/m3. The increased aerosol content was affected by frequent outflows of smoke from forest fires. The main (99%) contribution to the elemental composition of aerosol in the study regions was due to Ca, K, Fe, Zn, Br, Ni, Cu, Mn, and Sr. The spatial distribution of the chemical composition of aerosols was analogous to that of microphysical characteristics. The lowest concentrations of organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) and of most elements are observed in April in the north of the Barents Sea, and the maximal concentrations in Far East seas and in the south of the Barents Sea. The average contents of carbon in aerosol over seas of the Asian sector of the Arctic Ocean are OC = 629 ng/m3, EC = 47 ng/m3.

Role of Saharan dust and black carbon deposition on snow cover in the French mountain ranges over the last 39 years.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Réveillet ◽  
Marie Dumont ◽  
Simon Gascoin ◽  
Pierre Nabat ◽  
Matthieu Lafaysse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Snow Cover Duration ◽  
The Impact

<p>Light absorbing particles such as black carbon(BC) or mineral dust are known to darken the snow surface when deposited on the snow cover and amplify several snow-albedo feedbacks, drastically modifying the snowpack evolution and the snow cover duration. Mineral dust deposition on snow is generally more variablein time than black carbon deposition and can exhibit both a high inter and intra annual variability. In France, the Alps and the Pyrenees mountain ranges are affected by large dust deposition events originating from the Sahara . The aim of this study is to quantify the impact of these impurities on the snow cover variability over the last 39 years (1979-2018).</p><p>For that purpose, the detailed snowpack model Crocus with an explicit representation of impurities is forced by SAFRAN meteorological reanalysis and a downscaling of the simulated deposition fluxes from a regional climate model (ALADIN-Climate). Different simulations are performed: (i) considering dust and/or BC (i.e. explicit representation), (ii) without impurities and (iii) considering an implicit representation (i.e. empirical parameterization based on a decreasing law of the albebo with snow age).</p><p>Simulations are compared at point scale to the snow depth measured at more than 200 Meteo-France’s stations in each massif, and spatially evaluated over the 2000-2018 period in comparing thesnow cover area, snow cover duration and the Jacard index to MODIS snow products. Scores are generally better when considering the explicit representation of the impurities than when using the snow age as a proxy for light absorbing particles content.</p><p>Results indicate that dust and BC have a significant impact on the snow cover duration with strong variations in the magnitude of the impact from one year to another and from one location to another.We also investigate the contribution of light absorbing particles depositionto snow cover inter-annual variability based on statistical approaches.</p>

Historical variation in black carbon deposition and sources to Northern China sediments

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxue Xu ◽  
Fu Wang ◽  
Jiwei Li ◽  
Lizhu Tian ◽  
Xingyu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Historical Variation

scholarly journals Black carbon concentration and deposition estimations in Finland by the regional aerosol-climate model REMO-HAM

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 24395-24435 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Hienola ◽  
J.-P. Pietikäinen ◽  
D. Jacob ◽  
R. Pozdun ◽  
T. Petäjä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Black Carbon Concentration ◽  
The Common ◽  
Carbon Concentrations ◽  
Overlap Coefficient ◽  
Wet Removal

Abstract. The prediction skill of the regional aerosol-climate model REMO-HAM was assessed against the black carbon (BC) concentration measurements from five locations in Finland, with focus on Hyytiälä station for the year 2005. We examined to what extent the model is able to reproduce the measurements using several statistical tools: median comparison, overlap coefficient OVL (the common area under two probability distributions curves) and Z-score (a measure of standard deviation, shape and spread of the distributions). The results of the statistics showed that the model is biased low, suggesting either an excessive loss of black carbon in the model, or missing emissions. A further examination of the precipitation data from both measurements and model showed that there is no correlation between REMO's excessive precipitation and BC underestimation. This suggests that the excessive wet removal is not the main cause for the low black carbon concentration output. In addition, a comparison of wind directions in relation with high black carbon concentrations shows that REMO-HAM is able to predict the BC source directions relatively well. Cumulative black carbon deposition fluxes over Finland were estimated, including the deposition on snow.

scholarly journals Daily black carbon emissions from fires in northern Eurasia for 2002–2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4461-4474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Min Hao ◽  
Alexander Petkov ◽  
Bryce L. Nordgren ◽  
Rachel E. Corley ◽  
Robin P. Silverstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
International Panel ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Inventory Survey

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) emitted from fires in northern Eurasia is transported and deposited on ice and snow in the Arctic and can accelerate its melting during certain times of the year. Thus, we developed a high spatial resolution (500 m  ×  500 m) dataset to examine daily BC emissions from fires in this region for 2002–2015. Black carbon emissions were estimated based on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) land cover maps and detected burned areas, the Forest Inventory Survey of the Russian Federation, the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier-1 Global Biomass Carbon Map for the year 2000, and vegetation specific BC emission factors. Annual BC emissions from northern Eurasian fires varied greatly, ranging from 0.39 Tg in 2010 to 1.82 Tg in 2015, with an average of 0.71 ± 0.37 Tg from 2002 to 2015. During the 14-year period, BC emissions from forest fires accounted for about two-thirds of the emissions, followed by grassland fires (18 %). Russia dominated the BC emissions from forest fires (92 %) and central and western Asia was the major region for BC emissions from grassland fires (54 %). Overall, Russia contributed 80 % of the total BC emissions from fires in northern Eurasia. Black carbon emissions were the highest in the years 2003, 2008, and 2012. Approximately 58 % of the BC emissions from fires occurred in spring, 31 % in summer, and 10 % in fall. The high emissions in spring also coincide with the most intense period of ice and snow melting in the Arctic.

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