Normative Value for the Laryngopharyngeal Measure of Perceived Sensation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian O. Hernandez ◽  
Gregory B. Russell ◽  
Stephen Carter Wright ◽  
Lyndsay L. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Normative Value

The Stabilisation of the Capitalist Order and Liberal Value Orientations in Serbia

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-407
Author(s):  
Mladen Lazić ◽  
Jelena Pešić
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normative Value ◽  
Value Dissonance

AbstractBased on research data from 2003, 2012, and 2018, the authors examine the extent to which capitalist social relations in Serbia have determined liberal value orientations. The change of the social order in Serbia after 1990 brought about a radical change of the basis upon which values are constituted. To interpret the relationship between structural and value changes, the authors employ the theory of normative-value dissonance. Special attention in the analysis is paid to the interpretation of value changes based on the distinction between intra- and inter-systemic normative-value dissonance. In the first part of their study, the authors examine changes in the acceptance of liberal values over the period of consolidation of capitalism in Serbia, while in the second part they focus on the 2018 data and specific predictors of political and economic liberalism.

Политическая активность российской молодежи как индикатор ценностных ориентаций молодого поколения (на материалах регионального исследования)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (336) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Elena Viktorovna Matveeva ◽  
Alexander Mitin ◽  
Daria Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Value Preferences ◽  
Normative Value

In the article, the authors pay attention to the issue of value preferences of Russian youth on the example of the one of the regions of the Russian Federation – the Kemerovo region - Kuzbass. The problem of political activity of young people is considered through the system of current legislation on youth, socialization and directly value orientations and preferences of young people. The main legal acts regulating youth policy in the Russian Federation are marked. As an empirical basis a number of methodological approaches were used-the system approach (D. Easton, G. Almond), the normative-value approach of J. Rawls, a method of expert interviews and questionnaire survey. The article shows the inconsistency of the value beliefs of modern youth, which is caused by the Russian model of democratic development.

scholarly journals Cervical mismatch: the normative value of T1 slope minus cervical lordosis and its ability to predict ideal cervical lordosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake N. Staub ◽  
Renaud Lafage ◽  
Han Jo Kim ◽  
Christopher I. Shaffrey ◽  
Gregory M. Mundis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cervical Lordosis ◽  
Multilinear Regression ◽  
Normative Database ◽  
T1 Slope ◽  
Horizontal Gaze ◽  
Normative Value

OBJECTIVENumerous studies have attempted to delineate the normative value for T1S−CL (T1 slope minus cervical lordosis) as a marker for both cervical deformity and a goal for correction similar to how PI-LL (pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis) mismatch informs decision making in thoracolumbar adult spinal deformity (ASD). The goal of this study was to define the relationship between T1 slope (T1S) and cervical lordosis (CL).METHODSThis is a retrospective review of a prospective database. Surgical ASD cases were initially analyzed. Analysis across the sagittal parameters was performed. Linear regression analysis based on T1S was used to provide a clinically applicable equation to predict CL. Findings were validated using the postoperative alignment of the ASD patients. Further validation was then performed using a second, normative database. The range of normal alignment associated with horizontal gaze was derived from a multilinear regression on data from asymptomatic patients.RESULTSA total of 103 patients (mean age 54.7 years) were included. Analysis revealed a strong correlation between T1S and C0–7 lordosis (r = 0.886), C2–7 lordosis (r = 0.815), and C0–2 lordosis (r = 0.732). There was no significant correlation between T1S and T1S−CL. Linear regression analysis revealed that T1S−CL assumed a constant value of 16.5° (R2 = 0.664, standard error 2°). These findings were validated on the postoperative imaging (mean absolute error [MAE] 5.9°). The equation was then applied to the normative database (MAE 6.7° controlling for McGregor slope [MGS] between −5° and 15°). A multilinear regression between C2–7, T1S, and MGS demonstrated a range of T1S−CL between 14.5° and 26.5° was necessary to maintain horizontal gaze.CONCLUSIONSNormative CL can be predicted via the formula CL = T1S − 16.5° ± 2°. This implies a threshold of deformity and aids in providing a goal for surgical correction. Just as pelvic incidence (PI) can be used to determine the ideal LL, T1S can be used to predict ideal CL. This formula also implies that a kyphotic cervical alignment is to be expected for individuals with a T1S < 16.5°.

'All must be condemned': when condemning historical personalities might undermine anti-racism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Moral Relativism ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
Risk Reducing ◽  
Normative Value

If we condemn people for racist views expressed in a historical context where racism was normative, we must accept that most of us will one day be condemned for expressing ideas normative today. Since we cannot take action against what we do not yet know, this appears to remove human agency from the moral imperative. Because any normative value can later be condemned, it also makes later judgements about peoples’ lives appear arbitrary. Finally, the condemnation today of racism at a time when it was normative must be framed by the treatment of anti-racism as a moral absolute. But the removal of human agency from individuals and the introduction of arbitrariness to judgement leans towards moral relativism. These internal contradictions risk reducing the worth and coherence of anti-racism. This short discussion paper proposes protecting the notion of anti-racism by separating the condemnation of historical racism from the condemnation of individuals.

Professionalism, Professionalization, and Deprofessionalization in Journalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Wiik
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Occupational Socialization ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
The Public ◽  
Journalism Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Normative Value

The notion of professionalism within journalism is widespread and has been thoroughly explored. “Professionalism” refers to a normative value system utilized by professionals in relation to their clients, work practices, and occupational socialization. The perspective implies a number of characteristics distinguishing professions from occupations: autonomy, exclusive knowledge, ethical codes of conduct, occupational ideals/culture, and altruistic features (i.e., to act in the public interest). Jointly, these values function as a framework for journalists in everyday practice, guiding and controlling them. In a Western context, this framework legitimizes the social contract that allows journalism the privilege of autonomy and self-regulation on a structural level. The professionalism of journalists has been empirically studied since the 1950s, and the field is constantly expanding. Similar popular conceptualizations when interrogating the norms, practice, and ideals of journalists include, for instance, “role,” “habitus,” “interpretive community,” “ideology,” and “culture.” However, the major body of journalism studies has tried to capture those aspects from a perspective of professional theory. Today, the professional status of journalists is challenged and questioned. Exclusivity is broken, autonomy declines, and other actors are increasingly redefining the field. In this context, new methods and ideals arise. The professional discourse of journalists evolves and adapts in new ways, as does the research in this area.

Reason, Action, and the Creative Imagination

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-180
Author(s):  
Roger W. H. Savage ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Creative Imagination ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Normative Force ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
Normative Value ◽  
Practical Field ◽  
The Way

The exemplary value of individual moral and political acts provides a unique vantage point for inquiring into the role of the creative imagination in social life. Drawing on Kant’s concept of productive imagination, I argue that an act’s exemplification of a fitting response to a moral or political problem or crisis is comparable to the way that a work of art expresses the ‘thought’ or ‘idea’ to which it gives voice. The exercise of practical reason, or phronesis, is akin to the way that a work augments the practical field of our experiences in this respect. For, like a work of art, the act produces the rule to be followed by means of the example that it sets. Accordingly, I explain how the injunction issuing from the act can be credited to the way that the singular case summons its rule. The singular character of the injunction issuing from the act thus brings to the fore the relation between reflective judgment and this injunction’s normative value. The conjunction of reason, action, and the creative power of imagination offers a critical point of access for interrogating the normative force of claims rooted in individual acts. By setting reason, action, and imagination in the same conceptual framework, I therefore highlight the creative imagination’s subversive role in countering hegemonic systems and habits of thought through promoting the causes of social and political struggles.

‘This word volunteer is killing us’: Making sense of volunteering in social welfare provision for orphans and vulnerable children in rural Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine Madziva ◽  
Martha Chinouya
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Value System ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Initiative ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Normative Value

This qualitative study explored how volunteers delivering social welfare to orphans and vulnerable children through a community initiative supported by donors made sense of volunteering during a period of hyperinflation in Zimbabwe. Findings confirm that volunteering in Africa is influenced by a normative value system embedded in Ubuntu. Volunteering emerged as contradictory given the contextual prevalence of the social obligation discourse rather than individual choice as embedded in the European sense of voluntarism. Volunteering masked the cost of participation, thereby potentially making poverty worse for the poor in a context without a formal welfare system.

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