scholarly journals Characterization of primary rat nasal epithelial cultures in CFTR knockout rats as a model for CF sinus disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. E384-E391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiranya E. Tipirneni ◽  
Do-Yeon Cho ◽  
Daniel F. Skinner ◽  
Shaoyan Zhang ◽  
Calvin Mackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Epithelial Cultures

scholarly journals Enhanced fitness of SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7, but not B.1.351, in animal models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz Ulrich ◽  
Nico Joel Halwe ◽  
Adriano Taddeo ◽  
Nadine Ebert ◽  
Jacob Sch&oumln ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Models ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Enhanced Transmission ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Epithelial Cultures ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Emerging variants of concern (VOCs) drive the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We assessed VOC B.1.1.7, now prevalent in several countries, and VOC B.1.351, representing the greatest threat to populations with immunity to the early SARS-CoV-2 progenitors. B.1.1.7 showed a clear fitness advantage over the progenitor variant (wt-S614G) in ferrets and two mouse models, where the substitutions in the spike glycoprotein were major drivers for fitness advantage. In the superspreader hamster model, B.1.1.7 and wt-S614G had comparable fitness, whereas B.1.351 was outcompeted. The VOCs had similar replication kinetics as compared to wt-S614G in human airway epithelial cultures. Our study highlights the importance of using multiple models for complete fitness characterization of VOCs and demonstrates adaptation of B.1.1.7 towards increased upper respiratory tract replication and enhanced transmission in vivo.

scholarly journals Characterization of changes in the hemagglutinin that accompanied the emergence of H3N2/1968 pandemic influenza viruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009566
Author(s):  
Johanna West ◽  
Juliane Röder ◽  
Tatyana Matrosovich ◽  
Jana Beicht ◽  
Jan Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Conformational Stability ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Receptor Specificity ◽  
Binding Profile ◽  
Epithelial Cultures ◽  
Binding Avidity

The hemagglutinin (HA) of A/H3N2 pandemic influenza viruses (IAVs) of 1968 differed from its inferred avian precursor by eight amino acid substitutions. To determine their phenotypic effects, we studied recombinant variants of A/Hong Kong/1/1968 virus containing either human-type or avian-type amino acids in the corresponding positions of HA. The precursor HA displayed receptor binding profile and high conformational stability typical for duck IAVs. Substitutions Q226L and G228S, in addition to their known effects on receptor specificity and replication, marginally decreased HA stability. Substitutions R62I, D63N, D81N and N193S reduced HA binding avidity. Substitutions R62I, D81N and A144G promoted viral replication in human airway epithelial cultures. Analysis of HA sequences revealed that substitutions D63N and D81N accompanied by the addition of N-glycans represent common markers of avian H3 HA adaptation to mammals. Our results advance understanding of genotypic and phenotypic changes in IAV HA required for avian-to-human adaptation and pandemic emergence.

scholarly journals Characterization of changes in the hemagglutinin that accompanied the emergence of H3N2/1968 pandemic influenza viruses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna West ◽  
Juliane Roeder ◽  
Tatyana Matrosovich ◽  
Jana Beicht ◽  
Jan Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Conformational Stability ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Receptor Specificity ◽  
Binding Profile ◽  
Epithelial Cultures ◽  
Binding Avidity

The hemagglutinin (HA) of A/H3N2 pandemic influenza viruses (IAVs) of 1968 differed from its inferred avian precursor by eight amino acid substitutions. To determine their phenotypic effects, we studied recombinant variants of A/Hong Kong/1/1968 virus containing either human-type or avian-type amino acids in the corresponding positions of HA. The precursor HA displayed receptor binding profile and high conformational stability typical for duck IAVs. Substitutions Q226L and G228S, in addition to their known effects on receptor specificity and replication, marginally decreased HA stability. Substitutions R62I, D63N, D81N and N193S reduced HA binding avidity. Substitutions R62I, D63N, D81N and A144G promoted virus replication in human airway epithelial cultures. Analysis of HA sequences revealed that substitutions D63N and D81N accompanied by the addition of N-glycans represent common markers of avian H3 HA adaptation to mammals. Our results advance understanding of genotypic and phenotypic changes in IAV HA required for avian-to-human adaptation and pandemic emergence.

Characterization of Sinus Disease in Patients with Yellow Nail Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Claudia N. Gutierrez ◽  
Christopher M. Low ◽  
Janalee K. Stokken ◽  
Garret Choby ◽  
Erin K. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Yellow Nail Syndrome ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Primary Lymphedema ◽  
Ethmoid Sinuses ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Objective Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is characterized by the triad of thickened yellow nails, primary lymphedema, and respiratory manifestations including bronchiectasis, chronic cough, pleural effusions, and sinusitis. The purpose of this study is to describe the manifestations of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients with YNS and the comorbid manifestations. Methods A retrospective review of patients with YNS with CRS from January 1, 1998 to January 1, 2018 was conducted. Their symptoms, comorbidities, and labs were reviewed. The patient’s sinus computed tomography (CT) scans were then scored using the Lund–Mackay (LM) scoring system. Result Thirty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. The average LM score was 10.2 ± 0.5 (mean ± SD). Sinus involvement included “frothy” dependent sinus secretions in 32 of 36 subjects. The most common location of sinus involvement was the maxillary sinuses (85%), then posterior ethmoid (81%), anterior ethmoid (76%), sphenoid (74%), and frontal sinuses (54%). Comorbid chronic cough (86%), bronchiectasis (65%), lymphedema (39%), and pleural effusion (19%) were also identified. Three patients (8%) had immunodeficiencies. Conclusion This is the largest series describing the sinus manifestations of CRS in patients with YNS. Sinus CT scans showed frothy dependent secretions in the maxillary sinuses and posterior ethmoid sinuses most commonly. YNS patients with sinusitis more commonly presented with chronic cough or bronchiectasis than with pleural effusions or lymphedema. Otolaryngologists should consider the possibility of YNS in patients with CRS, chronic cough, yellow or thickened nail, and CT findings of frothy, dependent sinus secretions.

CT characterization of inflammatory paranasal sinus disease in cystic fibrosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.B. Eggesbø ◽  
S. Søvik ◽  
S. Dølvik ◽  
F. Kolmannskog
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Paranasal Sinus Disease

Initiation and characterization of primary mouse kidney epithelial cultures

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 683-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Bell ◽  
H. S. Tenenhouse ◽  
C. R. Scriver
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Primary Mouse ◽  
Epithelial Cultures

CT characterization of inflammatory paranasal sinus disease in cystic fibrosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Eggesbo ◽  
S. Sovik ◽  
S. Dolvik ◽  
F. Kolmannskog
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Paranasal Sinus Disease

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

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