scholarly journals Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites as Biomarkers in Equids: Assay Choice Matters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle L. Hinchcliffe ◽  
Jessica M. D. Lea ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
Susanne Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid

scholarly journals Mean fecal glucocorticoid metabolites are associated with vigilance, whereas immediate cortisol levels better reflect acute anti-predator responses in meerkats

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene K. Voellmy ◽  
Ines Braga Goncalves ◽  
Marie-France Barrette ◽  
Steven L. Monfort ◽  
Marta B. Manser
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid

Exploration of Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Under Human Care by Enzyme Immunoassay

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Karl Mercera ◽  
Fanny Pilot-Storck ◽  
Birgitta Mercera ◽  
Caroline Gilbert ◽  
Fabienne Delfour
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid

scholarly journals Using Fecal Glucocorticoids for Stress Assessment in Mourning Doves

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Washburn ◽  
Joshua J. Millspaugh ◽  
John H. Schulz ◽  
Susan B. Jones ◽  
Tony Mong
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Mourning Dove ◽  
Zenaida Macroura ◽  
Acth Challenge ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Mourning Doves ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoids ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid

Abstract Fecal glucocorticoid assays provide a potentially useful, noninvasive means to study physiological responses of wildlife to various stressors. The objective of our study was to validate a method for measuring glucocorticoid metabolites in Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) feces. We validated the assay using standard procedures (e.g., parallelism, recovery of exogenous corticosterone) to demonstrate that the assay accurately and precisely measured glucocorticoid metabolites in Mourning Dove fecal extracts. We conducted adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) challenge experiments to validate the assay's ability to determine biologically important changes in fecal glucocorticoids. Fecal glucocorticoid levels increased significantly approximately 2–3 hr after administration of ACTH at 50 IU per kg body mass to wild Mourning Doves held in captivity. In contrast, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites did not increase in control birds, birds that received saline injections, or a lower dose of ACTH (1 IU per kg body mass). Variation in overall fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels may have been influenced by season and the length of time birds were held in captivity. Noninvasive fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analyses, in combination with demographic information, may have considerable utility for monitoring the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on Mourning Dove populations. Uso de Glucocorticoides Fecales Para Evaluar el Estrés en Zenaida macroura Resumen. Las evaluaciones de glucocorticoides fecales representan un medio no invasor potencialmente útil para estudiar las respuestas fisiológicas de los animales silvestres ante agentes causantes de estrés. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue validar un método para medir metabolitos glucocorticoides en heces de palomas Zenaida macroura. Validamos el método mediante procedimientos estándar (e.g., paralelismo, recuperación de corticosterona exógena) para demostrar que éste mide con exactitud y precisión los metabolitos glucocorticoides en extractos fecales de Z. macroura. Realizamos experimentos de desafío con adrenocorticotropina (ACTH) para validar la habilidad que tenía el método para determinar cambios biológicamente importantes en los glucocorticoides fecales. Los niveles de glucocorticoides fecales aumentaron de forma significativa aproximadamente 2–3 hr después de la administración de ACTH a 50 IU por kg de peso corporal a palomas silvestres mantenidas en cautiverio. En contraste, los metabolitos glucocorticoides fecales no aumentaron en aves control, ni en aves que recibieron inyecciones salinas o una menor dosis de ACTH (1 IU por kg de peso corporal). La variación en los niveles generales de metabolitos glucocorticoides fecales podría haber sido influenciada por la estación y la longitud del período de tiempo en que las aves fueron mantenidas en cautiverio. Los análisis no invasores de metabolitos glucocorticoides, en combinación con información demográfica, podrían ser de considerable utilidad para monitorear los efectos de los disturbios naturales y antropogénicos sobre las poblaciones de Z. macroura.

scholarly journals Preservation of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites and immunoglobulin A through silica gel drying for field studies in horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstanze Krueger ◽  
Isabell Marr ◽  
Andrea Dobler ◽  
Rupert Palme
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Gel Drying ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid

Stability of stress hormone metabolites, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) was evaluated in horse feces dried in an air tight tube on silica gel, for improving stress analysis with fecal samples collected under field conditions with uncontrollable humidity. IgA showed a significant loss, but FGMs were stable and appeared to be reliably preserved.

scholarly journals Comparison of two commercial kits and two extraction methods for fecal glucocorticoid analysis in ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) submitted to ACTH challenge

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Antunes Dias ◽  
Marcilio Nichi ◽  
Marcelo A.B.V. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid

The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is included in list of wild felid species protected by CITES and is part of conservation strategies that necessarily involve the use of assisted reproduction techniques, which requires practical and minimally invasive techniques of high reproducibility that permit the study of animal reproductive physiology. The objective of this study was to compare and validate two commercial assays: ImmuChem Double Antibody Corticosterone 125I RIA from ICN Biomedicals, Costa Mesa, CA, USA; and Coat-a-Count Cortisol 125I RIA from DPC, Los Angeles, CA, USA, for assessment of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in ocelots submitted to ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) challenge. Fecal samples were collected from five ocelots kept at the Brazilian Center of Neotropical Felines, Associação Mata Ciliar, São Paulo, Brazil, and one of the animals was chosen as a negative control. The experiment was conducted over a period of 9 days. On day 0, a total dose of 100 IU ACTH was administered intramuscularly. Immediately after collection the samples were stored at 20C in labeled plastic bags. The hormone metabolites were subsequently extracted and assayed using the two commercial kits. Previously it was performed a trial with the DPC kit to check the best extraction method for hormones metabolites. Data were analyzed with the SAS program for Windows V8 and reported as means ± SEM. The Schwarzenberger extraction method was slightly better when compared with the Wasser extraction method (103,334.56 ± 19,010.37ng/g of wet feces and 59,223.61 ± 12,725.36ng/g of wet feces respectively; P=0,0657). The ICN kit detected an increase in glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in a more reliable manner. Metabolite concentrations (ng/g wet feces) on day 0 and day 1 were 66,956.28 ± 36,786.93 and 92,991.19 ± 28,555.63 for the DPC kit, and 205,483.32 ± 83,811.32 and 814,578.75 ± 292,150.47 for the ICN kit, respectively. The limit of detection for the ICN kit was 7.7 ng/mL for 100% B/Bo (25ng/mL for 88%B/Bo) and for the DPC kit it was 0.2ug/dL for 90.95% B/Bo (1ug/dL for 81.27% B/Bo). In conclusion it was confirmed that the Schwarzenberger extraction method and the ICN kit are superior for extracting and measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in ocelot fecal samples.

scholarly journals Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites as an indicator of adrenocortical activity in Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and recommendations for future studies

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Larm ◽  
Anne Lene Hovland ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
Anne-Mathilde Thierry ◽  
Andrea L. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Vulpes Lagopus ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Faecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Arctic Foxes ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid

AbstractMeasuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs) is a widely used, non-invasive method for studies of stress in vertebrates. To study physiological responses in wild Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) to perceived stressors such as fluctuating food availability, occurrence of competitors and predators and disturbance from human activities, a species-specific physiological validation of a method to evaluate adrenocortical activity is needed. Here we used 15 captive Arctic foxes (both males and females and juveniles and adults) to investigate fGCM concentrations following ACTH injection (physiological validation), or handling alone and compared them with their respective baseline concentrations prior to the treatments. A 5α-pregnane-3ß,11ß,21-triol-20-one enzyme immunoassay measured significant fGCM increases following both treatments. The time lags to reach peak fGCM values were 9.3 ± 1.3 h and 12.8 ± 1.7 h for ACTH and handling treatment, respectively. Concentrations of fGCMs varied a lot between individuals, but not attributed to sex nor age of the foxes. However, we found a negative relationship between boldness and fGCM concentrations. Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites concentrations did not change significantly over a period of 48 h in samples kept at temperatures reflecting winter and summer means. This would allow the collection of samples up to two days old in the wild regardless of the season. We conclude that our successfully validated method for measuring fGCMs can be used as a non-invasive tool for studies exploring various stressors both in wild and captive Arctic foxes.

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