Duck nest depredation, predator behavior, and female response using video

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1014-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Croston ◽  
Joshua T. Ackerman ◽  
Mark P. Herzog ◽  
Jeffrey D. Kohl ◽  
C. Alex Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Response ◽  
Nest Depredation ◽  
Predator Behavior

scholarly journals Investigation on dynamics of an impulsive predator–prey system with generalized Holling type IV functional response and anti-predator behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekson Sirisubtawee ◽  
Nattawut Khansai ◽  
Akapak Charoenloedmongkhon
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Solution ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Impulsive Control ◽  
Positive Periodic Solution ◽  
Existence Condition ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Existence And Stability ◽  
Predator Behavior

AbstractIn the present article, we propose and analyze a new mathematical model for a predator–prey system including the following terms: a Monod–Haldane functional response (a generalized Holling type IV), a term describing the anti-predator behavior of prey populations and one for an impulsive control strategy. In particular, we establish the existence condition under which the system has a locally asymptotically stable prey-eradication periodic solution. Violating such a condition, the system turns out to be permanent. Employing bifurcation theory, some conditions, under which the existence and stability of a positive periodic solution of the system occur but its prey-eradication periodic solution becomes unstable, are provided. Furthermore, numerical simulations for the proposed model are given to confirm the obtained theoretical results.

scholarly journals Pre-release training, predator interactions and evidence for persistence of anti-predator behavior in reintroduced `alalā, Hawaiian crow

2021 ◽  
pp. e01658
Author(s):  
Alison L. Greggor ◽  
Bryce Masuda ◽  
Jacqueline M. Gaudioso-Levita ◽  
Jay Nelson ◽  
Thomas H. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predator Interactions ◽  
Predator Behavior

Anti-predator behavior of larval walleyes and saugeyes

2004 ◽  
Vol 107 (1 & 2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Quist ◽  
Christopher S. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Predator Behavior

scholarly journals RASGRF1 in CRF cells controls the early adolescent female response to repeated stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-410
Author(s):  
Shan-xue Jin ◽  
David A Dickson ◽  
Jamie Maguire ◽  
Larry A Feig
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Female Response ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Repeated Stress ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Rac Gtpases ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factor

RASGRF1 (GRF1) is a calcium-stimulated guanine-nucleotide exchange factor that activates RAS and RAC GTPases. In hippocampus neurons, it mediates the action of NMDA and calcium-permeable AMPA glutamate receptors on specific forms of synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory in both male and female mice. Recently, we showed GRF1 also regulates the HPA axis response to restraint stress, but only in female mice before puberty. In particular, we found that after 7 days of restraint stress (7DRS) (30 min/day) both elevated serum CORT levels and induction of an anxiolytic phenotype normally observed in early adolescent (EA) female mice are blocked in GRF1-knockout mice. In contrast, no effects were observed in EA male or adult females. Here, we show this phenotype is due, at least in part, to GRF1 loss in CRF cells of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, as GRF1 knockout specifically in these cells suppressed 7DRS-induced elevation of serum CORT levels specifically in EA females, but only down to levels found in comparably stressed EA males. Nevertheless, it still completely blocked the 7DRS-induced anxiolytic phenotype observed in EA females. Interestingly, loss of GRF1 in CRF cells had no effect after only three restraint stress exposures, implying a role for GRF1 in 7DRS stress-induced plasticity of CRF cells that appears to be specific to EA female mice. Overall, these findings indicate that GRF1 in CRF cells makes a key contribution to the distinct response EA females display to repeated stress.

scholarly journals Predation Tactics of Trumpetfish in Midwater

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Auster
Keyword(s):  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Habitat Patches ◽  
Netherlands Antilles ◽  
Southern Caribbean ◽  
Hunting Tactics ◽  
Predator Behavior

Predators are known to modify hunting tactics in response to local conditions to exploit prey of different species, densities or position within habitat patches. I describe three unusual prey hunting tactics used by trumpetfish (Aulostomus maculatus) distributed in midwater above reefs off Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, in the southern Caribbean Sea. Hunting behaviors were focused on dense feeding aggregations of brown chromis (Chromis multilineata) and were categorized as: (1) slow horizontal following, (2) vertical hovering or drift, and (3) diagonal cross encounters where trumpetfish descended diagonally through the water while adjusting trajectory to encounter target prey. Understanding variation in predator behavior and ambit, in this case vertical ambit, adds to our knowledge of how predators adapt to unique local opportunities to exploit prey.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic comparative analyses of the determinants of anti-predator distraction behavior in shorebirds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Saijo ◽  
Nobuyuki Kutsukake
Keyword(s):  
Nest Site ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Colonial Nesting ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Solitary Species ◽  
Predator Behavior

AbstractPredation risk exerts a strong selective pressure on anti-predator behavior, resulting in behaviors to achieve defense of offspring and the individual. In shorebirds, some species perform distraction behavior that is attracting the attention of a predator. This behavior evolved, and were lost multiple times, independently and the behavioral repertoire varies among species. Although defense of offspring is critical for parents, the determinants of inter-specific variation in the distraction behavior remain unstudied. We surveyed the literature and conducted phylogenetic comparative analyses (n = 169 species) to test predictions regarding nest site, body mass, and coloniality. We found that small species were more likely to perform distraction behavior than large species. Solitary species were more likely to perform distraction behavior than colonial nesting species. Previous studies suggested that colonial nesting and large species commonly perform aggressive anti-predator behavior, implying that distraction behavior is an alternative anti-predator strategy to aggressive ones.

scholarly journals Nesting stage and distance to refuge influence terrestrial nesting behavior of Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta)

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 837-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Delaney ◽  
Fredric J. Janzen ◽  
Daniel A. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Chrysemys Picta ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Potential Predator ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Painted Turtles ◽  
Flight Costs ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Predator Behavior

Theory predicts prey should flee to safety when the fitness benefits of flight meet or exceed the costs. Empirical work has shown the importance of predation risk (e.g., predator behavior, distance to refuge) to prey flight behavior. However, less is known about the influence of flight costs. We monitored nesting Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta (Schneider, 1783)) to examine their response to a human observer (potential predator) depending on the distance between a turtle and an observer, distance between a turtle and water (i.e., refuge), and nesting stage at the time of the encounter (i.e., searching for a nest site vs. constructing a nest). We found no evidence that the distance to an observer influenced flight decisions. However, turtles were less likely to flee as the distance to water increased, and turtles already constructing nests were more likely to continue nesting than those still searching for nest sites. Turtles that traveled farther from water and that were constructing nests may have continued nesting because they had invested considerable energy and were close to completing oviposition. Thus, the fitness benefits of being closer to successful oviposition may outweigh the costs of increased vulnerability to predators during this important and vulnerable period of reproduction.

scholarly journals The Duet Code of the Female Black-Bellied Wren

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Logue
Keyword(s):  
Animal Communication ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Song Type ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Female Response ◽  
Male Song ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Vocal Signals ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Song Types

Abstract In many duet-singing songbirds, paired birds combine their song types nonrandomly to form duet songs. Several different behavioral mechanisms could generate nonrandom song type associations in duets. I tested female Black-bellied Wrens (Thryothorus fasciatoventris) for one such mechanism: adherence to a set of rules linking female response songs to male stimulus songs. I call this set of rules a “duet code.” Duets of free-living Black-bellied Wrens were recorded in 2001 and 2002. In 2003 I returned to the same territories and played the male song types from the recorded duets. Females answered male song stimuli as if duetting with the playback speaker. Although the known repertoires of females averaged 8.4 song types, each female sang only a single song type in response to each male song type. Random answering could not account for this pattern, supporting the hypothesis that females abide by duet codes. Females that were still paired with their mates from 2001–2002 answered 100% of their mate's songs with the same song types they had used previously, demonstrating that codes are stable over time. In contrast, females that were new to a territory answered an average of only 18% of their mate's song types with the same song type as the previous female, indicating that duet codes are individually distinctive. Duet participation by female Black-bellied Wrens represents a special kind of animal communication, in which discrete vocal signals consistently elicit discrete vocal responses according to an individually distinctive set of rules.

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