Modeling nest survival of cavity-nesting birds in relation to postfire salvage logging

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Saab ◽  
Robin E. Russell ◽  
Jay Rotella ◽  
Jonathan G. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Nest Survival ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Cavity Nesting

scholarly journals Nest Densities of Cavity-Nesting Birds in Relation to Postfire Salvage Logging and Time Since Wildfire

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Saab ◽  
Robin E. Russell ◽  
Jonathan G. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
American Kestrel ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Time Since Fire ◽  
Mountain Bluebird

Abstract Abstract We monitored the nest densities and nest survival of seven cavity-nesting bird species, including four open-space foragers (American Kestrel [Falco sparverius], Lewis's Woodpecker [Melanerpes lewis], Western Bluebird [Sialia mexicana], and Mountain Bluebird [S. currucoides]) and three wood-foragers (Hairy Woodpecker [Picoides villosus], Black-backed Woodpecker [P. arcticus], and Northern Flicker [Colaptes auratus]), after two wildfires (one partially salvage-logged and one unlogged) in western Idaho from 1994–2004. We estimated the relationship between nest density and time since fire, tested for statistical differences in nest densities and nest survival in the partially salvage-logged vs. unlogged wildfires, and tested for differences in nest survival between early (1–4 years after fire) and late (5–12 years after fire) postfire periods. Nest densities of open-space foragers and Northern Flickers generally increased with time since fire, whereas nest densities of Black-backed and Hairy Woodpeckers peaked 4–5 years postfire. Nest densities of wood-foraging species and Mountain Bluebirds were significantly higher in the unlogged burn, whereas Lewis's Woodpeckers had significantly higher nest densities in the partially logged burn. Kestrels tended to favor the partially logged burn, while Western Bluebird nest densities were nearly equal in both burned areas. For most species, postfire period and treatment (partially logged vs. unlogged) had little influence on nest survival. However, Hairy Woodpecker nest survival was significantly lower in the partially logged burn versus the unlogged wildfire in the early postfire period, and Lewis's Woodpecker nest survival was significantly reduced in the later postfire period versus the early postfire period in the partially logged burn. Importantly, the salvage logging was designed to retain more than half of the snags over 23 cm in diameter, which provided suitable nesting habitat for open-space foragers during the decade following fire.

scholarly journals Effects of Post-Fire Salvage Logging on Cavity-Nesting Birds and Small Mammals in Southeastern Montana

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kronland ◽  
Marco Restani
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Salvage Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Large Trees

We investigated how post-fire salvage logging of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) affected populations of cavity-nesting birds and small mammals in southeastern Montana in 2004 and 2005. We examined two salvage and two control plots with three point-count stations and one small mammal trap site randomly distributed across each plot. We used point counts and distance sampling methods to estimate density of cavity-nesting birds on each treatment. We also searched each plot for nests and used program MARK to construct a set of candidate models to investigate variations in nest survival related to treatment, year, and time. We used live traps arranged in webs centered on trapping sites and distance sampling methods to estimate small mammal density. Habitat characteristics were also quantified on each plot. Density of all cavity-nesting birds combined and of Hairy Woodpeckers (Picoides villosus) in particular were higher on the control than the salvage treatment. Density of large trees and abundance of active cavities were higher on the control treatment. Nest cavities on the salvage treatment were most often located in non-logged watersheds. Nest survival estimates were uniformly high, with only marginal variations attributed to treatment and year. Density of Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) was higher on the salvage than the control treatment, reflecting the amount of downed woody debris created during harvest.

scholarly journals Evaluating Economic and Wildlife Habitat Considerations for Snag Retention Policies in Burned Landscapes

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Eklund ◽  
Michael G. Wing ◽  
John Sessions
Keyword(s):  
Unit Volume ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Retention Strategies ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Net Revenue ◽  
Retention Policies

Abstract Wildfires have become more frequent and intense in recent years in the western United States. Previous studies have investigated the potential environmental and economic impacts of active management in burned forest landscapes. No previously published study, however, has considered wildlife requirements for snags while planning salvage logging operations in postburned landscapes. We examined the potential impacts of 19 snag retention strategies using cable-based yarding systems over a 3-year time period since burn. The strategies were based on current research recommendations, operational needs, and state and federal policies. Potential impacts on two cavity-nesting bird habitats and the feasibility of each strategy were examined. We found that most snag retention strategies generated net revenues per unit volume of merchantable wood greater than $70/m3 immediately after a burn and $60/m3 3 years after a burn. Those strategies that focused snag retention on smaller-diameter stems had the highest net revenue values and higher productivity rates. We also found that the strategy that removed all merchantable snags did not produce the highest revenue. In general, decreased yarding distance and a smaller yarding system (e.g., shovel loader) resulted in greater net revenue per unit volume with increased time since burn. The salvage strategy that provided the most favorable habitat for the two cavity-nesting birds left all snags standing in the half of the salvage unit farthest away from the yarder. Our findings indicate that it is possible to provide adequate cavity-nesting bird habitat and generate net revenue during fire salvage operations.

scholarly journals How Many Baskets? Clutch Sizes That Maximize Annual Fecundity of Multiple-Brooded Birds

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Farnsworth ◽  
Theodore R. Simons ◽  
J. Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Abstract We developed deterministic models on the basis of nest survival rates and renesting behavior capable of predicting annual fecundity in birds. The models calculate probabilities of fledging from one to four nests within a discrete breeding season. We used those models to address theoretical issues related to clutch size. In general, birds require at least one day to lay an egg, and many species delay incubation until their entire clutch is laid. Because it takes longer to complete a larger clutch, and fewer such clutches can fit into a limited breeding season, there exists a clutch size for which annual fecundity is maximized. We asked, for a given amount of reproductive effort (i.e. a set number of eggs), does the age-old maxim “don't put all your eggs in one basket” apply? If so, in how many “baskets” should a nesting bird place its eggs? The answer depends on both likelihood of nest predation and length of the breeding season. Those results are consistent with the observed increase in clutch size with latitude (shorter breeding season length) and larger clutch sizes characteristic of cavity-nesting species (with higher nest survival rates). The models also predict that the size of replacement clutches should decrease as the breeding season progresses, and that intraseasonal decline in clutch size should be more pronounced when the breeding season is short.

Effects of salvage logging on avian nest survival in beetle-killed forests

2010 ◽  
Vol 260 (9) ◽  
pp. 1599-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Kroll ◽  
Edward B. Arnett ◽  
Bob Altman
Keyword(s):  
Nest Survival ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Avian Nest ◽  
Avian Nest Survival

scholarly journals Nest survival of the threatened Campo Miner Geositta poeciloptera : a tropical cavity‐nesting grassland bird

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Camargos de Meireles ◽  
Leonardo Esteves Lopes ◽  
Mauro Pichorim ◽  
Tamara Luciane de Sousa Silva Machado ◽  
Charles Duca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nest Survival ◽  
Grassland Bird ◽  
Cavity Nesting

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF POSTFIRE SALVAGE LOGGING ON CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hutto ◽  
Susan M. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Cavity Nesting

NEST DENSITIES OF CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS IN RELATION TO POSTFIRE SALVAGE LOGGING AND TIME SINCE WILDFIRE

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTORIA A. SAAB ◽  
ROBIN E. RUSSELL ◽  
JONATHAN G. DUDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Cavity Nesting

scholarly journals The Effects of Postfire Salvage Logging on Cavity-Nesting Birds

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hutto ◽  
Susan M. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Nest Site ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Cavity Nesters ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forest ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Minimum Number

Abstract Abstract We investigated the effects of postfire salvage logging on cavity-nesting birds by comparing nest densities and patterns of nest reuse over a three-year period in seven logged and eight unlogged patches of mixed-conifer forest in the Blackfoot-Clearwater Wildlife Management Area, Montana. We found 563 active nests of 18 cavity-nesting birds; all species were found nesting in the uncut burned forest plots, but only eight nested in the salvage-logged plots. All except one species nested at a higher density in the unlogged areas, and half of the species were significantly more abundant in the unlogged plots. Every timber-drilling and timber-gleaning species was less abundant in the salvage-logged plots, including two of the most fire-dependent species in the northern Rocky Mountains—American Three-toed (Picoides dorsalis) and Black-backed (P. arcticus) Woodpeckers. Lower abundances in salvage-logged plots occurred despite the fact that there were still more potential nest snags per hectare than the recommended minimum number needed to support maximum densities of primary cavity-nesters, which suggests that reduced woodpecker densities are more related to a reduction in food (wood-boring beetle larvae) than to nest-site availability. Because cavities were present in only four of 244 randomly selected trees, and because frequency of cavity reuse by secondary cavity-nesters was higher in salvage-logged than in unlogged plots, nest-site limitation may be a more important constraint for secondary cavity-nesters in salvage-logged areas. These results suggest that typical salvage logging operations are incompatible with the maintenance of endemic levels of most cavity-nesting bird populations, especially populations of primary cavity-nesting species.

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