Luteinizing Hormone Surge More Accurately Correlates With Ultrasound Dating of Early Pregnancy Compared to the Last Menstrual Period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Morong ◽  
Dana B. McQueen ◽  
Mary D. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Last Menstrual Period ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Surge

Analysis of urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations in normal and failing pregnancies using longitudinal, Cox proportional hazards and two-stage modelling

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-557
Author(s):  
Lorrae Marriott ◽  
Michael Zinaman ◽  
Keith R Abrams ◽  
Michael J Crowther ◽  
Sarah Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Surge

Background Human chorionic gonadotrophin is a marker of early pregnancy. This study sought to determine the possibility of being able to distinguish between healthy and failing pregnancies by utilizing patient-associated risk factors and daily urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations. Methods Data were from a study that collected daily early morning urine samples from women trying to conceive (n = 1505); 250 of whom became pregnant. Data from 129 women who became pregnant (including 44 miscarriages) were included in these analyses. A longitudinal model was used to profile human chorionic gonadotrophin, a Cox proportional hazards model to assess demographic/menstrual history data on the time to failed pregnancy, and a two-stage model to combine these two models. Results The profile for log human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations in women suffering miscarriage differs to that of viable pregnancies; rate of human chorionic gonadotrophin rise is slower in those suffering a biochemical loss (loss before six weeks, recognized by a rise and fall of human chorionic gonadotrophin) and tends to plateau at a lower log human chorionic gonadotrophin in women suffering an early miscarriage (loss six weeks or later), compared with viable pregnancies. Maternal age, longest cycle length and time from luteinizing hormone surge to human chorionic gonadotrophin reaching 25 mIU/mL were found to be significantly associated with miscarriage risk. The two-stage model found that for an increase of one day in the time from luteinizing hormone surge to human chorionic gonadotrophin reaching 25 mIU/mL, there is a 30% increase in miscarriage risk (hazard ratio: 1.30; 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.62). Conclusion Rise of human chorionic gonadotrophin in early pregnancy could be useful to predict pregnancy viability. Daily tracking of urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin may enable early identification of some pregnancies at risk of miscarriage.

ZUR BEDEUTUNG DES HYPOPHYSÄREN LUTEINISIERUNGSHORMONS FÜR SCHWANGERSCHAFT, GEBURT UND LACTATION BEI DER RATTE

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S5-S32 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Loewit
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
The State ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Regulatory Properties ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The role of luteinizing hormone (LH) for the maintenance of pregnancy, parturition and lactation was investigated by immunological and histochemical methods in the rat. Neutralisation of endogenous rat-LH with Rabbit-Anti-Bovine-LH-Serum (selective hypophysectomy) from days 7-12 of pregnancy resulted in reabsorption of the foetuses and the reappearance of strong 20α-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (20α-OHSD) activity in the corpora lutea (CL) of pregnancy, which normally show no such activity at that time. This effect could be prevented in part by concurrent pregnenolone administration and fully by progesterone, but was not influenced by oestrogen or prolactin. It is concluded that in early pregnancy LH is the main luteotrophic hormone in the rat even though prolactin might act synergistically with it. Antiserum treatment after the 12th day of gestation had no influence on the state or duration of pregnancy or on parturition. LH-injections during the first half of pregnancy had no luteolytic effects i. e. they did not activate 20α-OHSD activity. After day 16 they advanced the reappearance of the enzyme, but delayed parturition or resulted in stillbirths. Neither LH nor antiserum seemed to alter lactation. Since progesterone prevented both the termination of pregnancy and the recurrence of 20α-OHSD activity, it should have some regulatory properties on the enzyme. It is discussed whether the gonadotrophin-dependent progesterone level could regulate the 20α-OHSD activity rather than result from it.

scholarly journals Fetal infection resulting from maternal rubella after the first trimester of pregnancy

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cradock-Watson ◽  
Margaret K. S. Ridehalgh ◽  
Mary J. Anderson ◽  
J. R. Pattison ◽  
H. O. Kangro
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Last Menstrual Period ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
True Rate ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Prenatal Infection ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Specific Igg

SUMMARYWe have tried to measure the incidence of prenatal infection in 304 infants whose mothers had had rubella at various times after the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Two methods of assessment were used: first, serum obtained soon after birth was tested for specific IgM antibody; secondly, serum obtained after the age of eight months was tested for specific IgG. When maternal rubella occurred 12–16 weeks after the last menstrual period specific IgM antibody was detected in 28 out of 50 infants (56%). The proportion fell progressively to 12% after maternal rubella at 24–28 weeks, rose to 19% after rubella at 28–36 weeks and then to 58% when the illness occurred during the last month of pregnancy. In all, IgM antibody was detected in 77 out of 260 infants (29%). The fetus can thus be infected at any time during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, but the risk varies at different stages.The figures for the prevalence of IgG antibody were greater throughout, because some infants had IgG who had previously lacked specific IgM. After maternal rubella at 12–16 weeks IgG antibody persisted in 22 out of 31 infants (71%). The proportion fell to 28% after rubella at 24–28 weeks and then increased progressively to 94% after rubella during the last month. In all, IgG antibody persisted in 94 out of 190 infants (49%). The true rate of fetal infection probably lies between the rates estimated from the presence of IgM antibody and the subsequent prevalence of IgG.Infants whose mothers had rubella at any time during pregnancy should be examined regularly for possible evidence of damage.

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