The humanity inventory: Developing and validating an individual difference measure of dehumanization propensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorottya Lantos ◽  
Lasana T. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Difference Measure ◽  
Individual Difference Measure

The Multidimensional Dream Inventory: Preliminary Evidence for Validity and Reliability

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kallmeyer ◽  
Edward C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Difference Measure ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Individual Difference Measure

The present study focused on the development of the Multidimensional Dream Inventory, an individual difference measure of dimensions of dreams. Items were administered to 151 college students. Consistent with expectations, results of an exploratory factor analysis of intercorrelations among items indicated a four-factor solution was appropriate. As a result, four dream-relevant scales were constructed, viz, Dream Importance, Dream Vividness, Dream Usefulness, and Dream Recall. In addition, these scales showed good internal consistency for research. Implications and uses for the Multidimensional Dream Inventory were discussed.

Predicting conflict acts using behavior and style measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Davis ◽  
Michael B. Schoenfeld ◽  
Elizabeth J. Flores
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Difference Measure ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Individual Difference Measure

Purpose This paper aims to compare style and behavior-focused individual difference measures in their ability to uniquely predict naturally occurring conflict acts. Design/methodology/approach Primary participants (and a friend of their choosing) completed a style measure and a behavior-focused measure about the primary participants and reported on the occurrence of a variety of conflict actions over a 60-day period. Findings For self-ratings and friend ratings, both the style measure and the behavior-focused measure were significantly related to the occurrence of conflict acts. However, the unique effect of the behavior-focused measure was stronger than that of the style measure. Research limitations/implications The data were collected from college students, thus limiting the generalizability of the findings. The measure of conflict acts was based on recall, which may also be subject to error and bias. In terms of implications, the findings strongly suggest that behavior-focused instruments are superior to style measures in predicting everyday conflict acts. Practical implications Because the behavior-focused individual difference measure was a better predictor of actual behavior than the style measure, investigators interested in such prediction may want to seriously consider using such measures. Originality/value Little research exists regarding the relative predictive abilities of style measures and behavior-focused measures; this paper provides some of the first such evidence.

Emotional Impact of a Task and its Setting on Work Performance of Screeners and Nonscreeners

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Mehrabian ◽  
Suzanne West
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Environmental Psychology ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Difference Measure ◽  
Individual Difference Measure ◽  
And Task

This study explored desire to work at a task in a situation as a function of situational pleasantness, situational arousing quality, task pleasantness, and task arousing quality. The hypotheses which were based on a general theory of environmental psychology accounted for a major portion of the results. These showed that (1) the pleasantness of a task and/or situation is a direct correlate of desire to work, (2) the arousing quality of any situation-task combination is inversely related to the desire to work, and (3) desire to work is not affected by the arousing quality of a situation-task combination when that combination is pleasant, and decreases with arousing quality of a situation-task combination when that combination is either neutral (in terms of pleasantness) or unpleasant. An individual difference measure of stimulus screening was employed to assess characteristic differences in automatic screening of irrelevant stimuli and rapid habituation to distracting stimuli. Nonscreeners who are generally more arousable reported a lower desire to work than screeners. Further, as predicted, nonscreeners, compared with screeners, reported a greater desire to work at pleasant situation-task combinations. However, compared with screeners, they reported less desire to work at neutral (in terms of pleasantness) or unpleasant tasks.

Development and Validation of a Self-Confidence Scale

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivianne Garant ◽  
Caroline Charest ◽  
Michel Alain ◽  
Lyne Thomassin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
Difference Measure ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Confidence Scale ◽  
Individual Difference Measure

Even though self-confidence is a popular concept both in everyday life and in psychology, no individual difference measure is available. The purpose of this study was to construct and validate an 18-item self-confidence scale. A sample of 191 white undergraduate students from Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (44 men and 147 women) participated. An exploratory factor analysis indicated two distinct factors; one measured a general cognitive aspect of self-confidence and a second evaluated a more specific self-confidence in one's abilities and opinions. Internal consistency (Cronbach α) was .84. Intercorrelations with other related measures (.23 to .69) were significant and in the expected direction. The new scale could be useful when a specific measure of self-confidence is required as an individual difference measure.

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