Putting the Patient Back in Clinical Significance: Moderated Nonlinear Factor Analysis for Estimating Clinically Significant Change in Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lissette M. Saavedra ◽  
Antonio A. Morgan‐López ◽  
Denise A. Hien ◽  
Therese K. Killeen ◽  
Sudie E. Back ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinically Significant Change ◽  
Nonlinear Factor Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Factor ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Clinically Significant

scholarly journals Factor structure, internal consistency and reliability of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL): an exploratory study

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo de Paula Lima ◽  
Sandhi Maria Barreto ◽  
Ada Ávila Assunção
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Temporal Reliability

INTRODUCTION: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder resulting from exposure to traumatic events. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) is a self-report measure largely used to evaluate the presence of PTSD. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the internal consistency, temporal reliability and factor validity of the Portuguese language version of the PCL used in Brazil. METHODS: A total of 186 participants were recruited. The sample was heterogeneous with regard to occupation, sociodemographic data, mental health history, and exposure to traumatic events. Subjects answered the PCL at two occasions within a 15 days’ interval (range: 5-15 days). RESULTS: Cronbach’s alpha coefficients indicated high internal consistency for the total scale (0.91) and for the theoretical dimensions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) (0.83, 0.81, and 0.80). Temporal reliability (test-retest) was high and consistent for different cutoffs. Maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted and oblique rotation (Promax) was applied. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index (0.911) and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ² = 1,381.34, p < 0.001) indicated that correlation matrices were suitable for factor analysis. The analysis yielded three symptom clusters which accounted for 48.9% of the variance, namely, intrusions, avoidance, and numbing-hyperarousal. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide additional data regarding the psychometric properties of the PCL, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and factor validity. Results are discussed in relation to PTSD theoretical models.

scholarly journals Cognitive Training for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin W. Samuelson ◽  
Krista Engle ◽  
Linda Abadjian ◽  
Joshua Jordan ◽  
Alisa Bartel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinically Significant

Although there is evidence of mild cognitive impairments for many individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little research evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive training interventions has been conducted. This randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of a 9-h group cognitive training targeting higher-order functions, Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training (SMART), compared to a 9-h psychoeducational control group in improving neurocognitive functioning in adults with mTBI and PTSD. A sample of 124 adults with histories of mild TBI (n = 117) and/or current diagnoses of PTSD (n = 84) were randomized into SMART (n = 66) or Brain Health Workshop (BHW; n = 58) and assessed at three time points: baseline, following training, and 6 months later. Participants completed a battery of neurocognitive tests, including a test of gist reasoning (a function directly targeted by SMART) as well as tests of verbal, visual, and working memory and executive functioning, functions commonly found to be mildly impaired in mTBI and PTSD. The two groups were compared on trajectories of change over time using linear mixed-effects models with restricted maximum likelihood (LMM). Contrary to our hypothesis that SMART would result in superior improvements compared to BHW, both groups displayed statistically and clinically significant improvements on measures of memory, executive functioning, and gist reasoning. Over 60% of the sample showed clinically significant improvements, indicating that gains can be found through psychoeducation alone. A longer SMART protocol may be warranted for clinical samples in order to observe gains over the comparison group.

scholarly journals A factor analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms using data pooled from two venlafaxine extended‐release clinical trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Barbara O. Rothbaum ◽  
David S. Baldwin ◽  
Annette Szumski ◽  
Ronald Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Using Data
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