Two‐dimensional chromatography of complex polymers, 8. Separation of fatty alcohol ethoxylates simultaneously by end group and chain length

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1375-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques‐Antoine Raust ◽  
Adele Bruell ◽  
Pritish Sinha ◽  
Wolf Hiller ◽  
Harald Pasch
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylates ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Complex Polymers ◽  
End Group

Acute toxicity and relationship between metabolites and ecotoxicity during the biodegradation process of non-ionic surfactants: fatty-alcohol ethoxylates, nonylphenol polyethoxylate and alkylpolyglucosides

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2351-2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jurado ◽  
M. Fernández-Serrano ◽  
J. Núñez-Olea ◽  
G. Luzón ◽  
M. Lechuga
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylates ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Nonylphenol Polyethoxylate

The toxicity values of fatty-alcohol ethoxylates, nonylphenol polyethoxylate, and alkylpolyglucosides have been determined by applying assays with luminescent bacteria. Also, the relation between metabolites and ecotoxicity during the biodegradation process has been determined. The biodegradation tests were carried out according to the OECD 301 E test for ready biodegradability. In these tests a solution of the surfactant, representing the sole carbon source for the microorganisms, was tested in a mineral medium, inoculated and incubated under aerobic conditions in the dark. The toxicity of surfactants is related to their molecular structure (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships, QSAR). For the alkylpolyglucosides, toxicity expressed as EC50 is related with the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the surfactant, and the hydrophobic alkyl chain (R). The results indicate that toxicity increased as the CMC decreased and as the hydrophobicity increased and R rose. For fatty-alcohol ethoxylates, parameters characteristic studied have been HLB, number of units of ethylene oxide and the alkyl chain length. Relationships found are in agreement with the fact that increasing the alkyl chain length leads to a lower EC50, whereas increasing ethoxylation leads to a lower toxicity. An analysis of the behaviour of the toxicity and HLB again indicates that the toxicity was greater for surfactants with a smaller HLB. The evolution of the toxicity was studied over the biodegradation process, expressed as a percentage of inhibition. For all the non-ionic surfactants assayed, except for the nonylphenol polyethoxylate, a major decline was found in toxicity during the first days of the biodegradation assay and at all the concentrations tested.

Single-pump heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography applied to the determination of fatty alcohol ethoxylates

2014 ◽  
Vol 1361 ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Escrig-Doménech ◽  
M. Beneito-Cambra ◽  
E.F. Simó-Alfonso ◽  
G. Ramis-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylates ◽  
Two Dimensional

Analysis of Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylates Regarding Chain Length and Endgroups by MALDI-TOF MS Using Collision-Induced Dissociation

2012 ◽  
Vol 213 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-756
Author(s):  
Valentina Mass ◽  
Karsten Rode ◽  
Frank Rittig ◽  
Thomas Ostrowski ◽  
Harald Pasch
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylates ◽  
Collision Induced Dissociation ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Tof Ms

THE TERMINAL GROUPS OF RIBONUCLEATE CHAINS IN EACH OF THE 16S AND 23S COMPONENTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI RIBOSOMAL RNA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Nichols ◽  
B. G. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Group

Ribosomal ribonucleates from Escherichia coli have been resolved into 16S and 28S components by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation, and the chain termini in each of the 16S and 23S RNA components have been analyzed by hydrolysis with alkali. The principal 5′-linked end group of 16S RNA was found to be adenosine, and the principal 5′-linked end group of 23S RNA was found to be uridine. The principal 3′-linked end group of 16S RNA was also found to be adenosine, whereas the principal 3′-linked end group of 23S RNA was found to be guanosine. Quantitative estimates of chain length based on analyses for 5′-iinked terminals indicate that the mean chain length for 16S RNA is about 1.3 × 103nucleotide residues and the mean chain length for 23S RNA is about 2.1 × 103nucleotide residues.

Determination of fatty alcohol ethoxylates and alkylether sulfates by anionic exchange separation, derivatization with a cyclic anhydride and liquid chromatography

2011 ◽  
Vol 1218 (47) ◽  
pp. 8511-8518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beneito-Cambra ◽  
L. Ripoll-Seguer ◽  
J.M. Herrero-Martínez ◽  
E.F. Simó-Alfonso ◽  
G. Ramis-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylates ◽  
Cyclic Anhydride ◽  
Anionic Exchange

The Effect of Chain Length on Mid-Infrared and Near-Infrared Spectra of Aliphatic 1-Alcohols

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kwaśniewicz ◽  
Mirosław A. Czarnecki
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Spectral Changes

Effect of the chain length on mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra of aliphatic 1-alcohols from methanol to 1-decanol was examined in detail. Of particular interest were the spectra-structure correlations in the NIR region and the correlation between MIR and NIR spectra of 1-alcohols. An application of two-dimensional correlation analysis (2D-COS) and chemometric methods provided comprehensive information on spectral changes in the data set. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis evidenced that the spectra of methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol are noticeably different from the spectra of higher 1-alcohols. The similarity between the spectra increases with an increase in the chain length. Hence, the most similar are the spectra of 1-nonanol and 1-decanol. Two-dimensional hetero-correlation analysis is very helpful for identification of the origin of bands and may guide selection of the best spectral ranges for the chemometric analysis. As shown, normalization of the spectra pronounces the intensity changes in various spectral regions and provides information not accessible from the raw data. The spectra of alcohols cannot be represented as a sum of the CH3, CH2, and OH group spectra since the OH group is involved in the hydrogen bonding. As a result, the spectral changes of this group are nonlinear and its spectral profile cannot be properly resolved. Finally, this work provides a lot of evidence that the degree of self-association of 1-alcohols decreases with the increase in chain length because of the growing meaning of the hydrophobic interactions. For butyl alcohol and higher 1-alcohols the hydrophobic interactions are more important than the OH OH interactions. Therefore, methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol have unlimited miscibility with water, whereas 1-butanol and higher 1-alcohols have limited miscibility with water.

scholarly journals Two-dimensional chromatography of complex polymers. 3. Full analysis of polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers

e-Polymers ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Pasch ◽  
Kibret Mequanint ◽  
Adrian Jörg
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Diblock Copolymers ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Complex Polymers

AbstractPoly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate)s were fully analyzed by liquid chromatography at the critical point of adsorption (LC-CC) and two-dimensional chromatography. Operating at chromatographic conditions corresponding to the critical points of the homopolymers polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate), the block lengths distributions for the different blocks of the block copolymers were determined quantitatively. Information on the amounts and molar mass distributions of homopolymers and coupling products that were identified in the samples as by-products was obtained by on-line coupled 2D chromatography. It was shown that a complete picture of the molecular heterogeneity of block copolymers can be obtained only when information from different chromatographic experiments is combined. Size exclusion chromatography alone is inappropriate for evaluating the molecular heterogeneity of such samples.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document