Injection of marinade with actinidin increases tenderness of porcine M. biceps femoris and affects myofibrils and connective tissue

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1607-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Christensen ◽  
Mari Ann Tørngren ◽  
Annemarie Gunvig ◽  
Noemi Rozlosnik ◽  
René Lametsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Biceps Femoris

Bovine biceps femoris is resistant to tenderization by lower-salt moisture enhancement or enzyme addition

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pietrasik ◽  
P.J. Shand
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Specificity ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Bacterial Protease ◽  
Connective Tissue Component ◽  
Low Salt

Unacceptable toughness in retail beef cuts prepared from round muscles is not uncommon. The biceps femoris (BF) muscle is a particular challenge due to its high connective tissue content. Disruption of connective tissue by proteolytic enzyme injection has been demonstrated to improve tenderness in some muscles. Moisture enhancement can also be effective; however, concern over sodium content in processed foods is rising. The single and combined effects of lower-salt moisture enhancement (ME; 0.25% sodium chloride/0.25% sodium phosphate) and injection of enzymes from different sources (fungal aspartyl protease, bacterial protease, porcine pancreatin, plant-derived papain) on tenderness characteristics of the BF was examined. The enzyme and ME treatments were not interactive. Moisture enhancement had no impact on peak shear force or sensory tenderness, although juiciness and saltiness perception was enhanced, even at the relatively low salt level. Each enzyme treatment reduced the shear force associated with the myofibrillar component of the BF, but did not influence the connective tissue component. No off flavour development or other sensory defects resulted from enzyme treatment. The ineffectiveness of the treatments may have been due to the low salt level, lack of enzyme specificity for collagen, or the relatively intractable nature of the BF to tenderization treatments.

Regulation of type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors and IGF-I mRNA by age and nutrition in ovine skeletal muscles

1996 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Oldham ◽  
J A K Martyn ◽  
S P Kirk ◽  
J R Napier ◽  
J J Bass
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Competitive Binding Assay ◽  
Igf Receptors ◽  
Igf I

Abstract The relative abundance and location of type 1 IGF receptors in sheep muscles have been measured to determine whether changes occur during post-natal growth and nutritional stress. Using the technique of histological autoradiography, specific binding of 125I-IGF-I in muscle fibre and connective tissue of M. biceps femoris and M. gastrocnemius was demonstrated, as was specific binding to the tendon of M. gastrocnemius and the surrounding connective tissue. The binding site in both muscles was characterised as the type 1 IGF receptor in membrane preparations using competitive binding assay and SDS-PAGE. Type 1 receptors were more abundant in connective tissue than muscle fibre or tendon (P≤0·001). Levels changed significantly with age in all tissues (P=0·054 to P≤ 0·001), while change as a result of fasting was limited to a receptor increase in the connective tissue of M. gastrocnemius (P=0·034). IGF-I mRNA in M. bicepsfemoris, as assessed by in situ hybridisation, showed changes in expression with increasing age (P≤ 0·025) but no change with fasting. These data indicate that the distribution, relative abundance and nutritional sensitivity of type 1 receptors are related to cell type in vivo. The overall decline of receptors with increasing age may be a feature of transition from linear animal growth to cell maintenance in adult animals. Connective tissue appears to be more sensitive than muscle fibre to nutrition, possibly allowing the reduction of non-essential metabolism during fasting. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 337–346

Development of a sensory protocol for testing palatability of sheep meats

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
A. Gee ◽  
D. L. Hopkins ◽  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
S. R. Baud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Size Constraints ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Highly Correlated

A total of 108 grill and 108 roast samples were prepared from lamb (n = 10) and mutton (n = 8) carcasses for sensory testing using a consumer taste panel. Grill and roast samples were prepared from the left and right sides of the carcass, respectively, using longissimus, biceps femoris, gluteus medius, serratus ventralis and semimembranosus. Due to size constraints, muscle from both sides was used to form grill samples for the vastus lateralis, and roast samples from the triceps brachii. Grill and roast samples were sensory tested using 360 untrained consumers. Each consumer was given a total of 6 experimental samples and each sample was tested by 10 different consumers. Sensory scores for tenderness, juiciness, like flavour and overall liking from both the grilled and roasted samples were highly correlated (P<0.05). For grilling, the different muscles were correlated for tenderness and overall liking scores (P<0.05), with the exception of the semimembranosus (P>0.05). In contrast, juiciness and like flavour scores were poorly correlated between grilled muscles. For the roasted samples, sensory scores were generally uncorrelated between muscles. The statistical significance of the age category and muscle effects was greater in grill samples, but stimulation effects were of similar significance using either cooking method. It was proposed that roasting reduced treatment effects that affected sensory via differences in connective tissue toughness, due to gelatinisation of connective tissue during cooking. For testing production and processing effects on palatability, grilling was more sensitive for detecting treatment effects, than roasting.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of breast and thigh muscles of slow- and medium growing strains of chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Zikic ◽  
Slobodan Stojanovic ◽  
Mirjana Djukic-Stojcic ◽  
Zdenko Kanacki ◽  
Verica Milosevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Thigh Muscles

Morphological characteristics of skeletal muscles of slow- and medium-growing strains of chickens are very important for meat quality and comparison with fast-growing strains. The aim of this paper was to evaluate morphological parameters of breast and thigh muscles of slow- and mediumgrowing strains in a free-range system. The slow-growing strains used in the experiment were autochthonous breeds Sombor crested and Banat naked neck, and the medium-growing strain was Red-bro. The tissue samples were taken from the thigh muscle and muscles of the breast of 10 chickens of each breed. Samples were stained with hematoxylin - eosin and enzyme succinate - dehydrogenase (SDH). The following morphological parameters were observed: diameter of muscle cells, nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio of muscle cells, volume density of connective tissue within the muscle and the presence of red, white and intermediate muscle cell types. Between strains, the type of muscle or genotype didn?t have significant effects on diameters of muscle cells and nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio in the muscle cells. Results indicated that genotype had significant effect on volume density of the connective tissue in breast muscles. Red muscle cells were, in all strains, significantly more represented in m. biceps femoris than m. pectoralis superficialis. Genotype had significant effect on ratio between connective tissue and muscle cells and no significant effects on other morphological parameters.

DIAMETER OF MUSCLE FIBERS AND COMPOSITION OF SELECTED RETAIL CUTS FROM CATTALO AND HEREFORD CARCASSES

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. KELLER ◽  
J. E. LAWSON ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Retail Cuts

Cattalo (averaging 1/7 bison–6/7 domestic) and Hereford yearlings (eight males and eight females in each breed group) did not differ in the surface areas of the total cut, lean, fat, bone, or connective tissue in either blade or cross-rib cuts. For cross-rib cuts, ratios of lean area to fat area, total surface area, and carcass weight were larger within cattalo than Hereford. Cattalo and Hereford did not differ in diameter of muscle fibers from the longissimus dorsi of the blade cut or the biceps femoris of the round cut, but muscle fibers from the 1. dorsi of the rib cut had a greater diameter in cattalo than in Hereford yearlings. Females had a larger proportion of fat and a smaller proportion of lean than males in both the blade and cross-rib cuts, but the proportion of bone was about the same. Muscle fiber diameter did not differ between the sexes in samples from the blade and rib cuts; however, it was greater for females than for males in samples from the round.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Ultrastructure of Liver in Lactosyl Ceramidosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
Z. Hruban ◽  
J. R. Esterly ◽  
G. Dawson ◽  
A. O. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Bile Canaliculi ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Marginal Plates ◽  
Membranous Material ◽  
Perichromatin Granules

Samples of a surgical liver biopsy from a patient with lactosyl ceramidosis were fixed in paraformaldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetroxide. Hepatocytes (Figs. 1, 2) contained 0.4 to 2.1 μ inclusions (LCI) limited by a single membrane containing lucid matrix and short segments of curved, lamellated and circular membranous material (Fig. 3). Numerous LCI in large connective tissue cells were up to 11 μ in diameter (Fig. 2). Heterogeneous dense bodies (“lysosomes”) were few and irregularly distributed. Rough cisternae were dilated and contained smooth vesicles and surface invaginations. Close contact with mitochondria was rare. Stacks were small and rare. Vesicular rough reticulum and glycogen rosettes were abundant. Smooth vesicular reticulum was moderately abundant. Mitochondria were round with few cristae and rare matrical granules. Golgi complex was seen rarely (Fig. 1). Microbodies with marginal plates were usual. Multivesicular bodies were very rare. Neutral lipid was rare. Nucleoli were small and perichromatin granules were large. Small bile canaliculi had few microvilli (Fig. 1).

Ultrastructure of Lymphatic Capillaries in the Transport of Colloidal Particles

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak ◽  
J. F. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Thorium Dioxide ◽  
Lymphatic Capillary ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Tissue Fluids

The vital role played by the lymphatic capillaries in the transfer of tissue fluids and particulate materials from the connective tissue area can be demonstrated by the rapid removal of injected vital dyes into the tissue areas. In order to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the transfer of substances from the connective tissue area at the ultrastructural level, we have injected colloidal particles of varying sizes which range from 80 A up to 900-mμ. These colloidal particles (colloidal ferritin 80-100A, thorium dioxide 100-200 A, biological carbon 200-300 and latex spheres 900-mμ) are injected directly into the interstitial spaces of the connective tissue with glass micro-needles mounted in a modified Chambers micromanipulator. The progress of the particles from the interstitial space into the lymphatic capillary lumen is followed by observing tissues from animals (skin of the guinea pig ear) that were injected at various time intervals ranging from 5 minutes up to 6 months.

Banded Structures in the Connective Tissue of Meningioma

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
H. J. White
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Native Collagen ◽  
Routine Procedures

Previously, we have reported on extracellular cross-striated banded structures in human connective tissues of a variety of organs (1). Since then, more material has been examined and other techniques applied. Recently, we studied a fibrocytic meningioma of the falx. After the specimen was fixed in 4% buffered glutaraldehyde and post-fixed in 1% buffered osmium tetroxide, other routine procedures were followed for embedding in Epon 812. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. There were numerous cross striated banded structures in aggregated bundle forms found in the connecfive tissue of the tumor. The banded material has a periodicity of about 450 Å and where it assumes a filamentous arrangement, appears to be about 800 Å in diameter. In comparison with the vicinal native collagen fibrils, the banded material Is sometimes about twice the diameter of native collagen.

Banded aggregates containing fibrillin are present in the cartilage matrix adjacent to chondrocytes in individuals affected with scoliosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 892-893
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Keene ◽  
Magaret Fairhurst ◽  
Catherine C. Ridgway ◽  
Lynn Y. Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Rotary Shadowing

Matrix microfibrils are present in the connective tissue matrices of all tissues. Following standard TEM processing, they appear in cross section as cylindrical fibrils 8-10 nm in diameter, often associated with amorphous elastin. They are also seen in the absence of amorphous elastin, for example in the shallow papillary layer of skin, and also in cartilage matrix (Figure 1). Negative stain and rotary shadowing studies suggest that microfibrils are composed of laterally associated globular structures connected by fine filamentous strands (“ beaded strings”), and that they are extendable. Immunoelectron microscopy has demonstrated that fibrillin, a 350 Kd glycoprotein, is distributed along all microfibrils with a relaxed periodicity of about 54 nm The gene coding for fibrillin has recently been identified and is defective in the Marfan syndrome.

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