Chinese gooseberry: Seasonal patterns in fruit growth and maturation, ripening, respiration and the role of ethylene

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harlan K. Pratt ◽  
Michael S. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Seasonal Patterns

scholarly journals The role of New Zealand endemic lizards in Salmonella transmission in the takahē translocation network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shanna Rose
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Significant Mortality

<p>The dynamics of disease in wildlife populations often involve a complex relationship between physiological, environmental and ecological variables. Defining the pattern of pathogen infection between primary hosts, sympatric species and their environments is crucial in the understanding of potential impacts a pathogen may have on its host species. Very little is known about pathogens of native, New Zealand wildlife. Understanding the role pathogens play in structuring communities is crucial in the conservation of threatened New Zealand wildlife species. Salmonella is an important pathogen of reptiles, birds and mammals, and Salmonellosis has caused significant mortality in wildlife around the world. Recently, Salmonella has been isolated from takahē from a private island in the takahē translocation network. Reptiles have been implicated as asymptomatic carriers and transmitters of Salmonella, and lizards from a private (undisclosed) island have been implicated in the transmission of Salmonella to takahē. To investigate the capacity for lizards to act as a Salmonella reservoir in the takahē translocation network, I examined the distribution, abundance and Salmonella prevalence of lizards within takahē territories on the private island and on Maud Island where takahē also reside. Additionally, I investigated the presence of Salmonella in soil and water samples from takahē territories on the private island, Maud Island and at the Burwood Bush takahē rearing facility. Lizard densities on the private island were estimated to be between 466-6020 lizards/ha, and 118-1528 lizards/ha on Maud Island. Salmonella serovars concurrent with those isolated from takahē were isolated from 2% of lizards, 25% of water and 50% of soil samples on the private island, indicating that lizards and the environment play an important role in transmission and maintenance of Salmonella to takahē. Salmonella was not isolated from lizards or environmental samples on Maud Island or at Burwood Bush, indicating prevalence too low to detect in this study or a Salmonella reservoir unique to the private island. Further investigation of Salmonella sources; serovars and seasonal patterns of Salmonella infection is needed to better inform takahē translocation actions on the private island. Additionally, further examination of Salmonella in lizards and the environment is necessary to assess the risk of Salmonella infection to takahē on Maud Island.</p>

scholarly journals 083 FRUIT HYDRAULIC BUDGETS IN FRENCH PRUNE (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L. CV. FRENCH) AND THEIR EFFECTS ON FRUIT GROWTH AND CRACKING

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 440a-440
Author(s):  
Rémy E Milad ◽  
Kenneth A Shackel
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Highly Correlated

End cracking of French prune fruits occurs when previously water stressed trees are irrigated during early July. Fruit phloem, xylem and transpiration flows (P, X and T, respectively) were measured diurnally during 72 h periods in mid June, early July and mid July (before, during and after the crack-susceptible period). Midway through each 72 h period, the previously stressed trees were irrigated. In mid June, X was larger than P, whereas P was larger than X during early July. In mid July, P and X were similar. In early July, the period preceding irrigation was characterized by an ourflow of phloem sap during the day and phloem inflow during the night. After irrigation, larger phloem inflows were observed and no phloem outflow occurred. Fruit transpiration rates were highly correlated with VPD. They exhibited a gradual decrease during the season, reaching minimum values during early July, before increasing again. The sum of P and X was virtually identical for the three periods i.e. stronger P's compensated for weaker X's and vice versa. Our results suggest that properties intrinsic to the fruit play the primary role in modulating water and photosynthate movements between the tree and the fruit. The possible role of these properties on fruit growth and cracking will be examined.

scholarly journals Temporal dynamics of a fish community in the lower portion of a tidal creek, Pando sub-estuarine system, Uruguay

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Gurdek ◽  
◽  
Alicia Acuña-Plavan
Keyword(s):  
Fish Community ◽  
Tidal Creek ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Micropogonias Furnieri ◽  
Different Time Scales ◽  
Odontesthes Argentinensis

ABSTRACT Estuaries are highly dynamic ecosystems subjected to variability of their fish communities over different time scales. The nearshore fish community of the lower Pando estuary, a temperate sub-system of the Río de la Plata estuary, was sampled from May 2002 to June 2003. A total of 2,165 fishes, represented by 16 species were caught by seine netting. Captures were dominated by juveniles (>90%), as well as by the sciaenid Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (82.8%). The fish community showed high seasonal variability, with the greatest diversity and biomass in summer and spring and the highest species richness during summer. Lowest values of all community parameters occurred in winter and autumn, seasons that presented the highest similarity in fish composition. Number of species was correlated with water temperature and salinity. The ichthyofaunal composition showed significant diel differences in summer and spring. Diel changes were observed in the density of M. furnieri and Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes, 1835), occurring mainly during the day, and of Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836, Parapimelodus valenciennis (Lütken, 1874) and Brevoortia aurea (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), caught mostly during the night. Temporal variability was attributed to environmental fluctuations, life cycle of species as well as to feeding patterns and small-scale displacements. Presented findings in the Pando sub-estuary denote similar juvenile use and seasonal patterns to those found in estuaries. Further studies in the nursery function and juvenile dynamics over the year are recommended in order to better understand the ecological role of sub-estuaries.

Seasonal patterns of neurologic disease mortality in southern parts of Azerbaijan

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
A. K. Mammadbayli
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Death Risk ◽  
Administrative Region ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Seasonal Factor

Research objective: to estimate the dependence of mortality connected with neurologic diseases from season in the southern regions of the country with characteristic subtropical climate. Comparing mortal incidents on months and seasons within calendar year, in research the role of the seasonal factor was studied. Within each administrative region (Astara 518 and 199, Lerik 342 and 162, Lenkoran 1012 and 345, Masalli 1023 and 427, Yardymli 271 and 114) all mortal incidents, including the mortal incidents connected with neurologic diseases were analysed. It was established that seasonal character of death risk objectively exists and covers all mortal incidents happening for any reasons, and also connected with neurologic diseases. Regularity of increase of mortality risk was observed in spring and reduction - in autumn. In administrative regions in different months change of mortality risk was various. In winter, in summer and in autumn the mortality risk was in Astara at one level; whereas, in winter in Lenkoran and Yardymli, in autumn in Masalli and in summer in Lerik the mortality risk was at the lowest level. Seasonal character of mortality risk and its various properties on administrative regions can depend also on medico-organizing actions.

scholarly journals Different Seasonal Patterns in Song System Volume in Willow Tits and Great Tits

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
Georgia K. Longmoor ◽  
C. Henrik Lange ◽  
Hannah Darvell ◽  
Lauren Walker ◽  
Seppo Rytkönen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Song System ◽  
Willow Tit ◽  
Area X

In most species of seasonally breeding songbirds studied to date, the brain areas that control singing (i.e. the song control system, SCS) are larger during the breeding season than at other times of the year. In the family of titmice and chickadees (Paridae), one species, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), shows the typical pattern of seasonal changes, while another species, the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), shows, at best, very reduced seasonal changes in the SCS. To test whether this pattern holds up in the two Parid lineages to which these two species belong, and to rule out that the differences in seasonal patterns observed were due to differences in geography or laboratory, we compared the seasonal patterns in two song system nuclei volumes (HVC and Area X) in willow tits (Poecile montanus), closely related to black-capped chickadees, and in great tits (Parus major), more closely related to blue tits, from the same area around Oulu, Finland. Both species had larger gonads in spring than during the rest of the year. Great tit males had a larger HVC in spring than at other times of the year, but their Area X did not change in size. Willow tits showed no seasonal change in HVC or Area X size, despite having much larger gonads in spring than the great tits. Our findings suggest that the song system of willow tits and their relatives may be involved in learning and producing nonsong social vocalizations. Since these vocalizations are used year-round, there may be a year-round demand on the song system. The great tit and blue tit HVC may change seasonally because the demand is only placed on the song system during the breeding season, since they only produce learned vocalizations during this time. We suggest that changes were not observed in Area X because its main role is in song learning, and there is evidence that great tits do not learn new songs after their first year of life. Further study is required to determine whether our hypothesis about the role of the song system in the learned, nonsong vocalizations of the willow tit and chickadee is correct, and to test our hypothesis about the role of Area X in the great tit song system.

scholarly journals The Role of Bioacoustic Signals in Koala Sexual Selection: Insights from Seasonal Patterns of Associations Revealed with GPS-Proximity Units

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e0130657 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ellis ◽  
Sean FitzGibbon ◽  
Geoff Pye ◽  
Bill Whipple ◽  
Ben Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Seasonal Patterns

scholarly journals Influence of birth rates and transmission rates on the global seasonality of rotavirus incidence

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (64) ◽  
pp. 1584-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia E. Pitzer ◽  
Cécile Viboud ◽  
Ben A. Lopman ◽  
Manish M. Patel ◽  
Umesh D. Parashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Local Transmission

Rotavirus is a major cause of mortality in developing countries, and yet the dynamics of rotavirus in such settings are poorly understood. Rotavirus is typically less seasonal in the tropics, although recent observational studies have challenged the universality of this pattern. While numerous studies have examined the association between environmental factors and rotavirus incidence, here we explore the role of intrinsic factors. By fitting a mathematical model of rotavirus transmission dynamics to published age distributions of cases from 15 countries, we obtain estimates of local transmission rates. Model-predicted patterns of seasonal incidence based solely on differences in birth rates and transmission rates are significantly correlated with those observed (Spearman's ρ = 0.65, p < 0.05). We then examine seasonal patterns of rotavirus predicted across a range of different birth rates and transmission rates and explore how vaccination may impact these patterns. Our results suggest that the relative lack of rotavirus seasonality observed in many tropical countries may be due to the high birth rates and transmission rates typical of developing countries rather than being driven primarily by environmental conditions. While vaccination is expected to decrease the overall burden of disease, it may increase the degree of seasonal variation in the incidence of rotavirus in some settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document