The determination of steam-volatile fatty acids in rumen liquor, blood plasma and milk fat

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
D. Millard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids

scholarly journals The effect of change from low-roughage to high-roughage diets on rumen fermentation, blood composition and milk fat secretion in the cow

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
J. D. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Blood Composition ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Saturated Triglyceride ◽  
Cotton Threads

1. Changing cows from a diet with low hay and high flaked maize content, which depressed milk fat secretion, to a high-roughage diet resulted in increased milk fat secretion and in changes in the pattern of rumen fermentation and in the composition of the blood plasma.2. During the 1st week following the change in diet the proportions of propionic and valeric acids in the rumen decreased and the proportion of acetic acid increased. These changes in rumen volatile fatty acids were associated with decreases in the concentration of lactic acid, increases in pH and increases in the rate of breakdown of cotton threads in the ventral sac of the rumen. After 1 week, only minor fluctuations in the proportions of volatile fatty acids occurred from day to day.3. The percentage of fat in the milk increased over a period of 3 weeks following the change in diet and, with the exception of linoleic acid which decreased, the yields of all fatty acids in milk progressively increased over this period. The increase in yield of oleic acid was relatively much smaller than the increases in yield of saturated acids.4. The concentrations in blood plasma of acetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid increased in two cows and, in all cows, saturated triglyceride fatty acids increased, whereas the concentrations of the unsaturated triglyceride fatty acids decreased, during the 1st week after change to the high-roughage diet. The recovery in milk fat secretion is discussed in relation to the observed changes in rumen fermentation and blood composition.

scholarly journals Identification of the Potential Role of the Rumen Microbiome in Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis in Dairy Cows Using Metagenomic Sequencing

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247
Author(s):  
Xin Wu ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Jinfeng Huang ◽  
Peng Peng ◽  
Yanan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Prevotella Species

The rumen contains abundant microorganisms that aid in the digestion of lignocellulosic feed and are associated with host phenotype traits. Cows with extremely high milk protein and fat percentages (HPF; n = 3) and low milk protein and fat percentages (LPF; n = 3) were selected from 4000 lactating Holstein cows under the same nutritional and management conditions. We found that the total concentration of volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, and propionate in the rumen fluid was significantly higher in the HPF group than in the LPF group. Moreover, we identified 38 most abundant species displaying differential richness between the two groups, in which Prevotella accounted for 68.8% of the species, with the highest abundance in the HPF group. Functional annotation based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG), and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZy) databases showed that the significantly more abundant species in the HPF group are enriched in carbohydrate, amino acid, pyruvate, insulin, and lipid metabolism and transportation. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that specific microbial taxa (mainly the Prevotella species and Neocallimastix californiae) are positively correlated with total volatile fatty acids (VFA). Collectively, we found that the HPF group was enriched with several Prevotella species related to the total VFA, acetate, and amino acid synthesis. Thereby, these fulfilled the host’s needs for energy, fat, and rumen microbial protein, which can be used for increased biosynthesis of milk fat and milk protein. Our findings provide novel information for elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of the rumen in the formation of milk composition.

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ADDITION OF GLUCOGENIC MATERIALS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Glutamate, succinate, propylene glycol, or glycerol were added to a basic concentrate at 3.3% of air-dry feed. Each concentrate was fed both ad libitum and in restricted amounts to four cows in early lactation. Dietary intake, milk yield and composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids and blood glucose, ketones and plasma free fatty acids were used as criteria of effect of these supplements. Propylene glycol in the diet resulted in a lower intake of concentrate compared with glycerol (11.44 versus 14.30 kg/day) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) rumen butyrate and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate. Glutamate supplementation prevented the fall in milk fat content which occurred when the other three supplemented concentrates were fed ad libitum, and this effect may have been related to the constancy in the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen fluid.

Determination of soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in soils and biological media

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Subrahmanyan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Biological Media ◽  
Factors Affecting

Methods for extraction, concentration and determination of minute quantities of soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid and volatile fatty acids have been described. Different factors affecting the accuracy of the determinations have been studied and corrections, where necessary, have been suggested.

scholarly journals Determination of Volatile Fatty Acids in Bovine Blood by Isotope Dilution

1959 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
J.B. Holter ◽  
S. Lakshmanan ◽  
J.C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Bovine Blood
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