Annual protein yield and extractable protein potentials in three legumes and two grasses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Thers ◽  
Jørgen Eriksen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Yield ◽  
Extractable Protein

Yields of protein extracted from a range of northern Victorian herbage

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Leaf Protein Concentrate ◽  
Extractable Protein ◽  
Protein Extractability ◽  
Clover Content

Leaf protein concentrate was extracted and measured in a range of commonly grown pasture plants and cereals in Victoria, with the aim of identifying species most suitable for a leaf protein concentrate industry. The effects of sward maturity, nitrogen fertilizer and pH, on protein extractability were examined. Best yields (1100 to 1500 kg ha-1) of extractable protein were obtained from irrigated lucerne and white clover. Extractable protein yield from perennial grass, cereals and lucerne declined rapidly with maturity, whereas lupins, vetch and white clover were much less affected by maturity. Soursob in mixed pasture reduced yields by reducing pH of juice. Nitrogen fertilizer applied in spring on a mixed pasture reduced the clover content and consequently the extractable protein yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Harvest and Fertilization Frequency on Protein Yield and Extractability From Flood-Tolerant Perennial Grasses Cultivated on a fen Peatland

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kalla Nielsen ◽  
Lene Stødkilde ◽  
Uffe Jørgensen ◽  
Poul Erik Lærke
Keyword(s):  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Extractable Protein ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
True Protein

Paludiculture, and in particular the cultivation of perennial grasses as biomass feedstock for green biorefineries, may be an economic and environmentally sustainable option for agricultural peatlands in temperate regions. However, the optimal biomass quality for protein extraction from flood-tolerant grasses is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to define the combined effect of harvest and fertilization frequency, with one to five annual cuts, on protein yield and extractability for the grasses tall fescue (TF) and reed canary grass (RCG), cultivated on an agricultural fen peatland in Denmark.The content of protein fractions was determined according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). We assessed protein extractability by lab-scale biorefinery techniques using a screw-press followed by acid precipitation of true protein. The two methods were compared to correlate potential extractable protein yields with actual biorefinery outputs. We found the highest annual biomass and crude protein (CP) yields in the two cut treatments, with 13.4 and 15.6 t dry matter (DM) ha−1 year−1, containing 2.9–3.4 t CP ha−1 year−1 for TF and RCG, respectively. The highest neutral-extractable (fractions B1 and B2) true protein yields of 1.1 and 1.5 t ha−1 year−1 were found in the two cut treatments, representing 39% (TF) - 45% (RCG) of total CP. Using biorefining techniques, we were able to precipitate up to 2.2 t DM ha−1 year−1 of protein concentrate, containing up to 39% CP. Significant correlations between methods were found, with a distinct relationship between CNCPS fractions B1 + B2 and CP yield of the protein concentrate, indicating the suitability of the CNCPS as an indicator for extractable protein yields. Biomass and CP yields were not significantly improved beyond two annual cuts. However, timing and harvest frequencies significantly affected plant maturity and consequently extractable CP contents and protein concentrate yields. We conclude that TF and RCG are promising feedstocks for green biorefineries due to high biomass, extractable CP, and protein concentrate yields, and highlight the potential of flood-tolerant grasses, cultivated on wet agricultural peatlands, for an enhanced valorisation beyond the common utilisation for bioenergy.

The influence of nitrogen fertilization on protein yield and nutrient uptake in different triticale genotypes

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
Milan Biberdžić ◽  
Ivica Đalović ◽  
Aleksandar Paunović ◽  
Ilija Komljenović
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Protein Yield

Fibrolytic enzyme treatment prior to ensiling increased press-juice and crude protein yield from grass silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 122572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marketta Rinne ◽  
Erika Winquist ◽  
Ville Pihlajaniemi ◽  
Piritta Niemi ◽  
Arja Seppälä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Grass Silage

scholarly journals Seeding Rate Effects on Hybrid Spring Wheat Yield, Yield Components and Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Joel K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
End Use

Agronomic practices, such as planting date, seeding rate, and genotype, commonly influence hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) production. Determining the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) of newly developed hybrids is needed as they respond to seeding rates differently from inbred cultivars. The objectives of this research were to determine the AOSR of new HRSW hybrids, how seeding rate alters their various yield components, and whether hybrids offer increased end-use quality, compared to conventional cultivars. The performance of two cultivars (inbreds) and five hybrids was evaluated in nine North Dakota environments at five seeding rates in 2019−2020. Responses to seeding rate for yield and protein yield differed among the genotypes. The AOSR ranged from 3.60 to 5.19 million seeds ha−1 and 2.22 to 3.89 million seeds ha−1 for yield and protein yield, respectively. The average AOSR for yield for the hybrids was similar to that of conventional cultivars. However, the maximum protein yield of the hybrids was achieved at 0.50 million seeds ha−1 less than that of the cultivars tested. The yield component that explained the greatest proportion of differences in yield as seeding rates varied was kernels spike−1 (r = 0.17 to 0.43). The end-use quality of the hybrids tested was not superior to that of the conventional cultivars, indicating that yield will likely be the determinant of the economic feasibility of any future released hybrids.

scholarly journals Mitigation of deleterious phenotypes in chloroplast-engineered plants accumulating high levels of foreign proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Schmidt ◽  
Lubna V. Richter ◽  
Lisa A. Condoluci ◽  
Beth A. Ahner
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Foreign Protein ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Dwarf Phenotype ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Abstract Background The global demand for functional proteins is extensive, diverse, and constantly increasing. Medicine, agriculture, and industrial manufacturing all rely on high-quality proteins as major active components or process additives. Historically, these demands have been met by microbial bioreactors that are expensive to operate and maintain, prone to contamination, and relatively inflexible to changing market demands. Well-established crop cultivation techniques coupled with new advancements in genetic engineering may offer a cheaper and more versatile protein production platform. Chloroplast-engineered plants, like tobacco, have the potential to produce large quantities of high-value proteins, but often result in engineered plants with mutant phenotypes. This technology needs to be fine-tuned for commercial applications to maximize target protein yield while maintaining robust plant growth. Results Here, we show that a previously developed Nicotiana tabacum line, TetC-cel6A, can produce an industrial cellulase at levels of up to 28% of total soluble protein (TSP) with a slight dwarf phenotype but no loss in biomass. In seedlings, the dwarf phenotype is recovered by exogenous application of gibberellic acid. We also demonstrate that accumulating foreign protein represents an added burden to the plants’ metabolism that can make them more sensitive to limiting growth conditions such as low nitrogen. The biomass of nitrogen-limited TetC-cel6A plants was found to be as much as 40% lower than wildtype (WT) tobacco, although heterologous cellulase production was not greatly reduced compared to well-fertilized TetC-cel6A plants. Furthermore, cultivation at elevated carbon dioxide (1600 ppm CO2) restored biomass accumulation in TetC-cel6A plants to that of WT, while also increasing total heterologous protein yield (mg Cel6A plant−1) by 50–70%. Conclusions The work reported here demonstrates that well-fertilized tobacco plants have a substantial degree of flexibility in protein metabolism and can accommodate considerable levels of some recombinant proteins without exhibiting deleterious mutant phenotypes. Furthermore, we show that the alterations to protein expression triggered by growth at elevated CO2 can help rebalance endogenous protein expression and/or increase foreign protein production in chloroplast-engineered tobacco.

scholarly journals A Single Seed Protein Extraction Protocol for Characterizing Brassica Seed Storage Proteins

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Bronwyn J. Barkla
Keyword(s):  
Seed Protein ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Material Optimization ◽  
Hazardous Chemical

Rapeseed oil-extracted expeller cake mostly contains protein. Various approaches have been used to isolate, detect and measure proteins in rapeseeds, with a particular focus on seed storage proteins (SSPs). To maximize the protein yield and minimize hazardous chemical use, isolation costs and the loss of seed material, optimization of the extraction method is pivotal. For some studies, it is also necessary to minimize or avoid seed-to-seed cross-contamination for phenotyping and single-tissue type analysis to know the exact amount of any bioactive component in a single seed, rather than a mixture of multiple seeds. However, a simple and robust method for single rapeseed seed protein extraction (SRPE) is unavailable. To establish a strategy for optimizing SRPE for downstream gel-based protein analysis, yielding the highest amount of SSPs in the most economical and rapid way, a variety of different approaches were tested, including variations to the seed pulverization steps, changes to the compositions of solvents and reagents and adjustments to the protein recovery steps. Following SRPE, 1D-SDS-PAGE was used to assess the quality and amount of proteins extracted. A standardized SRPE procedure was developed and then tested for yield and reproducibility. The highest protein yield and quality were obtained using a ball grinder with stainless steel beads in Safe-Lock microcentrifuge tubes with methanol as the solvent, providing a highly efficient, economic and effective method. The usefulness of this SRPE was validated by applying the procedure to extract protein from different Brassica oilseeds and for screening an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutant population of Brassica rapa R-0-18. The outcomes provide useful methodology for identifying and characterizing the SSPs in the SRPE.

scholarly journals Addition of glycerol to lactating cow diets stimulates dry matter intake and milk protein yield to a greater extent than addition of corn grain

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 6139-6150 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Bajramaj ◽  
R.V. Curtis ◽  
J.J.M. Kim ◽  
M. Corredig ◽  
J. Doelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Corn Grain
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