Use of soaking to enhance the bioavailability of iron and zinc from rice-based complementary foods used in the Philippines

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1115-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah A Perlas ◽  
Rosalind S Gibson
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Adequacy of Iron and Zinc Contents and Estimated Bioavailability in Commercially Available Complementary Foods in Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Endale Amare ◽  
Claire Mouquet-Rivier ◽  
Isabelle Rochette ◽  
Christian Picq ◽  
Abdulaziz Adish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Iron And Zinc

scholarly journals Probability of Nutrient Adequacy from Estimated Usual Intake Among Children 9–24 Months: Results from 7 MAL-ED Sites (FS10-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Antiporta ◽  
Ramya Ambikapathi ◽  
Anuradha Bose ◽  
Bruna Maciel ◽  
Tjale Mahopo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Abstract Objectives To estimate the usual energy and micronutrient intakes of children 9–24 mo of age and evaluate the probability of adequacy of the diet in 7 MAL-ED sites. Methods Breastfeeding was evaluated biweekly from enrolment (≤17 d old) through 24 mo; beginning at 9 mo, monthly 24-hour recalls (up to 17 recalls/child) were used to quantify intakes of complementary foods. Energy, macro- and micro-nutrient intakes were calculated using site-specific food composition tables. Based on the Morseth et al (2016) analysis of the Nepal MAL-ED site, we estimated energy and nutrient intakes from breast milk to derive total energy and nutrient intakes. For each site and 3 mo-age period, we estimated usual intakes of energy and 13 micronutrients for each child, considering age, sex, month and day of the week, then predicted the distribution of intakes by age period and site. We then compared each intake distribution to the recommended dietary allowance to derive the median probability of adequacy (MPA) and respective inter-quartile range (IQR). We evaluated iron and zinc considering bioavailability. Results Among 1669 children, median %energy (%E) from breast milk ranged from 23–71%E at 9–12 mo, and declined to 25–40%E at 21–24 mo. Iron bioavailability was low for all sites, but many diets were of moderate bioavailability for zinc. MPA were 1 (IQR = 0) in Brazil and South Africa, except for iron and vitamin E (both), calcium (South Africa) and zinc (low bioavailable diet in South Africa). MPA for zinc increased from 9–24 mo only for children consuming a diet with moderate bioavailability. MPA increased for many nutrients from 12–24 mo as the nutrient density of complementary foods increased; however, MPA for vitamin A remained low in Bangladesh and Tanzania. In Tanzania, calcium and B12 MPA declined and IQR increased as cow's milk remained in the diets of only some children. For most sites and age groups, MPA were 0 (IQR = 0) for Vitamins D, E and iron. Conclusions MPA increases from 12–24 mo as children consume more nutrient-dense complementary foods. Ways to increase consumption of foods containing vitamins D, E, and A, and calcium are needed, as are ways to increase bioavailability of iron and zinc. Funding Sources The MAL-ED study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through grants to the Foundation for the NIH and NIH/FIC.

scholarly journals Corrigendum: Acceptability of Iron- and Zinc-Biofortified Pearl Millet (ICTP-8203)-Based Complementary Foods among Children in an Urban Slum of Mumbai, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Lee Huey ◽  
Sudha Venkatramanan ◽  
Shobha A. Udipi ◽  
Julia Leigh Finkelstein ◽  
Padmini Ghugre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Bioavailability of Selected Micronutrients in Teff-based Complementary Infant Foods

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Mesfin W. Tenagashaw ◽  
John N. Kinyuru ◽  
Glaston M. Kenji ◽  
Eneyew T. Melaku ◽  
Susanne Huyskens-Keil
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato

Background: The problem of micronutrient malnutrition is affecting millions of infants in the developing countries. One of the major issues that aggravates the problem is lack of appropriately processed complementary foods in which the bioavailability of the major micronutrients is improved. Methods: Teff, soybean and orange-fleshed sweet potato were separately processed into their respective flours and blended in a ratio of 70:20:10, respectively, to prepare household- and industrial-level complementary foods. The ingredients and developed complementary foods were analysed for their vitamin A, calcium, iron, zinc and phytate contents. Moreover, phytate: mineral molar ratios of calcium, iron and zinc in the complementary foods were calculated to determine their bioavailability. Results: The vitamin A values obtained in the complementary foods were appreciable; they were in the range of 91.89 to 160.97 µgRE/100 g. Phytate content of teff and soybean was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by the household practices employed for processing them. However, the reduction was not significant (p > 0.05) in the household-level complementary foods because of the small quantity of germinated teff flours used. Calcium, iron and zinc compositions of all complementary foods closely met the recommended levels for 6 to 8 month-old infants. Phytate: mineral molar ratios for calcium and zinc in all complementary foods were below maximum recommended limits indicating their good bioavailability. In case of iron, these ratios were above the critical limit except that of the industriallevel complementary foods. Conclusion: Generally, complementary foods with improved compositions and bioavailability of the micronutrients analysed were developed from the teff-soybean-orange-fleshed sweet potato formulations.

scholarly journals Effect of Fermentation, Germination and Combined Germination-Fermentation Processing Methods on the Nutrient and Anti-nutrient Contents of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1625-1630
Author(s):  
D.I. Anaemene ◽  
G.T. Fadupin
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
High Level

Cereals remain the major components of traditional complementary foods but possess antinutritional factors in addition to nutrients. High  antinutrient content have been linked to poor quality complementary foods and high level of undernutrition among children less than two years. Hence, this study examined the effect of fermentation, germination and combined germination-fermentation processing methods on the nutrient and antinutrient contents of Quality Protein Maize (QPM). Maize seeds were fermented and germinated for 72 hours. A batch of the germinated seeds was further fermented for 24 and 48 hours separately. The raw and processed maize seeds were chemically analysed for proximate, mineral (calcium, iron and zinc) and antinutrient (phytate, tannin, oxalate, saponin, polyphenol and hemaglutinnin) composition. ANOVA was used to detect significant differences. Result showed that the crude protein content of raw QPM seeds increased significantly from 10.04% to 10.44% after  fermentation while it decreased to 9.12% following germination (72 hours)-fermentation (48 hours). Crude fat content decreased significantly with  the treatments (4.70-3.20%). Calcium (10.38-4.23mg/100g) and iron (3.70-1.90mg/100g) contents decreased significantly with all the methods.  Germination and combined germination-fermentation reduced more antinutrients in maize compared to fermentation. Fermented seeds had the least tannin (28-27.5 mg/100g) and phytate (967.5-828.5 mg/100g) reduction while the oxalate (590-646 mg/100g), saponin (425-545 mg/100g) and hemaglutinnin (17.31-19.53 mg/100g) contents increased. Germination-fermentation (24 hours) decreased phytate content by > 90% and retained more iron (79 vs 61%) and zinc (80 vs 74%) than fermentation. Combined germination-fermentation (24 hours) was more effective in antinutrient reduction in Quality Protein Maize seeds. Keywords: Maize, complementary foods, antinutrients, processing

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and Adequacy Among Children 12–18 Months of Age in the Urban Slums of Mumbai, India (P11-093-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kripa Rajagopalan ◽  
Samantha Huey ◽  
Sudha Venkatramanan ◽  
Shobha Udipi ◽  
Varsha Thakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Data

Abstract Objectives a) To examine the mean nutrient intake among young children 12–18 months of age in urban slums of Mumbai, b) to determine the adequacy of micronutrient intake in their diet as per the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) recommendations for optimum growth and development, and c) to determine if there is a difference in the nutrient intake of those randomized vs not randomized to the trial involving feeding of iron- and zinc-biofortified pearl millet complementary foods. Methods A total of 407 children were screened of which dietary data was available for 359 children. Of the total randomized (n = 223), dietary data was available for 216 children who were randomized to one of the two study arms (Arm 1: n = 107, Arm 2: n = 109). A 24-hour dietary recall was performed, and nutrient intake was calculated using CS dietary software using the NIN food composition tables. Results The average age of children was 14.81 months; 51% were males and 49% females. Majority of the children (81.64%) breastfed the previous day. The mean intake per day of calories, protein, iron, and zinc from complementary foods was found to be 598 kcal, 19.9 g, 3.25 mg, and 1.85 mg, respectively. On average, complementary feeding contributed to 89.6% of RDA for energy, 82.4% of calcium, 57.9% of iron, 58.8% of zinc, 51.9% vitamin A, 7.2% of vitamin B12, and 83.3% of dietary folate. All children had adequate caloric and protein intake. However, > 90% of children consumed inadequate iron, zinc, and folate according to the nutrient density of the complementary food, and > 50% of children consumed inadequate vitamin A and calcium. Overall, children randomized to the intervention were found to have a significantly higher intake of calories, protein, folate, and zinc. Conclusions Majority of children living in the urban slums of Mumbai consumed diet inadequate for most micronutrients. Our findings confirm the suitability of this population for interventions aiming to improve micronutrient intake Funding Sources HarvestPlus.

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