Effects of application of rapeseed cake as organic fertilizer on rice quality at high yield level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyang Zhou ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Weilu Wang ◽  
Yunji Xu ◽  
Weiyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
Yield Level

scholarly journals Organik Matter: It’s Role in Sustainable Farming of Sugarcane

Perspektif ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Djajadi Djajadi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Sustainable Farming

<p class="Default">ABSTRACT</p><p class="Default">Organik matter has an important role in determining soil health of sugarcane, i.e. soil capacity to support sugarcane to produce sustainable high yield. Soil organic matter influences soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, so that a consequence of declining soil organic matter is poorer soil fertility and lower yield. This paper has an objective to elucidate the important role of organic matter on sustainable farming of sugarcane. The important role of organic matter in soil fertility has been known for a long time before Green Revolution concept was introduced. With more intensity in sugarcane farming and more increasing of sugar demand, application of organic fertilizer started to be substituted by chemical fertilizer. Using green manure and/or biofertilizer has a chance to be spread out to the farmers due to more practical and more efficient than solid organik fertilizer, such as dung manure or compost. Future research should be focusing on the efectivity of green manure and or biofertilzer sources in improving soil fertility and cane yield, minimizing soil pathogen, reducing soil erosion of sugar cane land monoculture, and improving awareness of farmers about soil degradation as consequences of sugarcane monoculture planting for years.</p><p class="Default">Keywords: Organic matter, sugarcane, soil health sustainable farming</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Default"><strong>Bahan Organik: Peranannya dalam Budidaya Tebu Berkelanjutan</strong></p><p class="Default">ABSTRAK</p><p class="Default">Bahan organik tanah berperan penting dalam menentukan kesehatan tanah tebu, yaitu kapasitas tanah yang dapat mendukung produksi tebu yang tinggi secara berkelanjutan. Kadar bahan organik tanah mempengaruhi sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah. Paper ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan tentang peranan bahan organik dalam memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah pertanaman tebu. Pentingnya peran bahan oganik tersebut sudah disadari dari dulu, sehingga sebelum revolusi hijau penggunaan pupuk organik sudah umum dilakukan petani. Dengan semakin intensifnya budidaya tebu dan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan gula, pemanfaatan pupuk organik sudah jarang dilakukan. Diperlukan usaha untuk meningkatkan dan mempertahankan kadar bahan organik pada lahan tebu, antara lain berupa gerakan masal dalam bentuk gerakan nasional melalui program aplikasi bahan organik. Pemanfaatan pupuk hijau dan/atau pupuk hayati berpeluang untuk diterapkan karena lebih praktis dan efisien daripada penambahan pupuk organik padat. Penelitian ke depan perlu difokuskan untuk mengkaji jenis-jenis pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati yang efektif memperbaiki kesuburan, dalam menekan serangan penyakit, meminimalkan erosi pada lahan-lahan tebu monokultur, dan meningkatkan kesadaran petani tebu tentang terjadinya degradasi lahan akibat penanaman tebu yang terus menerus.</p><p class="Default">Kata kunci: Bahan organik, tebu, kesehatan tanah, budidaya berkelanjutan</p><p class="Default"> </p>

Heterogeneous Effects of Sustainable Agriculture Practices: Micro-evidence from Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-374
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Maggio ◽  
Solomon Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Abstract Are the effects of sustainable agricultural practices heterogeneous across agro-ecology and wealth in Malawi? Would a wealth-enhancing policy be associated with increased effectiveness of these practices? Focusing on a nationally representative set of Malawian agricultural households, the article answers the above questions by employing plot-level panel data matched with a set of geo-referenced rainfall and temperature records. The findings suggest a positive correlation between aggregate yield and the adoption of organic fertilizer. A similar result holds for legume intercropping and for hybrid seeds, which are associated to reductions in yield volatility between the two waves. Nevertheless, these effects appear heterogeneous across the agro-ecological zone of adoption, since a reduced number of farmers in selected locations can improve yields through the adoption of these practices. Further exploration suggests that less wealthy households show higher returns when adopting hybrid seeds or legume intercropping. Wealthier households, in contrast, report high yield only when treated with technology-enhancing practices, such as organic fertilizers and soil erosion control measures.

scholarly journals Physical and Milling Quality of Milled Rice in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Mahargono Kobarsih ◽  
Siti Dewi Indrasari
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Quality ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Local Cultivar

More than 250 rice varieties are grown in Indonesia from new superior varieties and local varieties with aromatic, non-aromatic aromas and pigmented rice. Rice quality is one factor that must be considered in addition to high productivity. Generally, the quality of grain and rice quality in Indonesia have met the quality standards set based on SNI 0224-1987/SPI-TAN/01/01/1993 and SNI 6128:2020. Ricequality is determined by several factors such as grain appearance, nutritional value, cooking and eating quality and become one of the foremost considerations for rice buyers. Such information can be utilized as basic data of character of genetic resources on assembling of new superior varieties by rice breeders. Those information can be used as a descriptive information for farmers and rice productivity, high yield, and better rice quality. Good quality local cultivar can be used as parents for the formation of new superior varieties.

scholarly journals FLOURY ENDOSPERM19 encoding a class I glutamine amidotransferase affects grain quality in rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangming Lou ◽  
Pingli Chen ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Pingbo Li ◽  
Jiawang Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Class I ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Quality ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Glutamine Amidotransferase

Abstract As a staple food for more than half of the world’s population, the importance of rice is self-evident. Compared with ordinary rice, rice cultivars with superior eating quality and appearance quality are more popular with consumers due to its unique taste and ornamental value, even if their price is much higher. Appearance quality and CEQ (cooking and eating quality) are two very important aspects in the evaluation of rice quality. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study on chalkiness rate in a diverse panel of 533 cultivated rice accessions. We identified a batch of potential chalky genes and prioritize one (LOC_Os03g48060) for functional analyses. Two floury outer endosperm mutants (flo19-1 and flo19-2) were generated through editing LOC_Os03g48060 (named as FLO19 in this study), which encodes a class I glutamine amidotransferase. The different performance of the two mutants in various storage substances directly led to completely different changes in CEQ. The mutation of FLO19 gene caused the damage of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice, which affected the normal growth and development of rice, including decreased plant height and yield loss by decreased grain filling rate. Through haplotype analysis, we identified a haplotype of FLO19 that can improve both CEQ and appearance quality of rice, Hap2, which provides a selection target for rice quality improvement, especially for high-yield indica rice varieties.

scholarly journals Performance of Sunray Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Wetland Rice

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
MA Aziz ◽  
MAM Miah ◽  
SM Sayem
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Viable Treatment

The experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute farm, Gazipur during the T. aman season, 2003 in order to determine the performance of Sunray organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice. The following eight treatment combinations were tested in wetland condition: T1= Native nutrient; T2 = Sunray Formula + G (SF) @ 100 kg/ha + Sunray Padiplus (PP) 20 ml @ 10 ml/4.5 lit./100m2 + Sunray Pady Segar (PS) @ 150 kg/ha + ( STB - N, P, K, S & Zn content in SF, PP & PS); T3= STB for high yield goal (HYG); T4= STB + 20 ml PP; T5= STB + 10 ml PP; T6= SF @ 400 kg/ha + ( STB - N, P, K, S & Zn content in 400 kg SF); T7= PS @ 400 kg/ha + (STB - N, P, K, S & Zn content in 400 kg PS ); T8= SF @ 200 kg/ha + PS@ 200 kg/ha + 10 ml PP + ( STB - N, P, K, S & Zn content in SF, PS and PP). The blanket doses of fertilizers were applied on soil test based (STB). BRRI dhan31 was used as test crop. The sources of N, P, K, S & Zn were Urea, TSP, MP, gypsum and zinc sulphate. Urea was applied into three equal splits, 1/3rd basal, 1/3rd maximum tillering stage and the remaining 1/3rd at panicle initiation stage. The treatment T2 where Sunray fertilizer were applied in combination with chemical fertilizer on STB produced substantially higher yield than those of other tested treatments. In terms of economic point of view this treatment also be considered as the most viable treatment in the experiment. Key words: Sunray, organic fertilizer, growth and yield, wetland rice.

scholarly journals Nutrient Diagnosis of Eucalyptus at the Factor-Specific Level Using Machine Learning and Compositional Methods

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betania Vahl de Paula ◽  
Wagner Squizani Arruda ◽  
Léon Etienne Parent ◽  
Elias Frank de Araujo ◽  
Gustavo Brunetto
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Random Forest Classification ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Forest Classification ◽  
Factor Interactions ◽  
Log Ratio

Brazil is home to 30% of the world’s Eucalyptus trees. The seedlings are fertilized at plantation to support biomass production until canopy closure. Thereafter, fertilization is guided by state standards that may not apply at the local scale where myriads of growth factors interact. Our objective was to customize the nutrient diagnosis of young Eucalyptus trees down to factor-specific levels. We collected 1861 observations across eight clones, 48 soil types, and 148 locations in southern Brazil. Cutoff diameter between low- and high-yielding specimens at breast height was set at 4.3 cm. The random forest classification model returned a relatively uninformative area under the curve (AUC) of 0.63 using tissue compositions only, and an informative AUC of 0.78 after adding local features. Compared to nutrient levels from quartile compatibility intervals of nutritionally balanced specimens at high-yield level, state guidelines appeared to be too high for Mg, B, Mn, and Fe and too low for Cu and Zn. Moreover, diagnosis using concentration ranges collapsed in the multivariate Euclidean hyper-space by denying nutrient interactions. Factor-specific diagnosis detected nutrient imbalance by computing the Euclidean distance between centered log-ratio transformed compositions of defective and successful neighbors at a local scale. Downscaling regional nutrient standards may thus fail to account for factor interactions at a local scale. Documenting factors at a local scale requires large datasets through close collaboration between stakeholders.

scholarly journals Influence of modern preparations on soybean crop productivity in the conditions of forest steppe of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00130
Author(s):  
Vasily G. Vasin ◽  
Ramis N. Saniev ◽  
Alexey V. Vasin ◽  
Nikolai A. Prosandeev ◽  
Alexey N. Burunov
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Middle Volga

The article presents the results of scientific research on the growth-stimulating preparations in the pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds and crops according to the development phases in the foreststeppe zone of the Middle Volga. It contains the results of the 2016-2018 research with an assessment of indicators of plant safety, photosynthetic activity and soybean yield in different treatment options by growth factors. The two-component preparations in pre-sowing seed treatment contribute to better soybean germination up to 78.12%. The pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Risotorphine and Raykat Start preparations forms the maximum leaf area. Comparing three years, we can say that the leaves work more productively in the variants with the use of Risotorphine and Raykat Start in pre-sowing treatment. Weather conditions in 2018 allowed soybean crops to form a high yield. The yield level was in the range of 1.48 - 1.98 t / ha. Inoculation of seeds with Raykat Start followed by crops treatment in the phase of 3-5 leaves and budding allowed achieving maximum yield for all years of research. After treating the seeds with Raykat Start, the maximum grain yield was 1.40 t/ha with a double-treatment of crops by microfertilizing mixture Megamix Profi in a phase of 3-5 leaves and budding.

scholarly journals Selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and evaluation of its fruits usability as biologically valuable food

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evica Mratinic ◽  
Milica Fotiric
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Colored Matter ◽  
Selection Of

To carry out domestication, five genotypes (B1, B2, R, VG and RK) were isolated from natural populations by selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). The most prominent biological-technological characteristics were studied during fruit flowering and ripening. Flowering proceeded in the period from mid-April to the 1st decade of June, while ripening lasted from the 1st decade of August to the 1st decade of October. The largest inflorescences were found in genotype R (14.32 cm in diameter). The highest number of berries per inflorescence (on average, 280), the largest berry (on average, 0.21 g), and the best fruit quality (17.19% dry matter, 11.50% sugars, 35 mg vitamin C, and 2.58 g/l total colored matter) were all demonstrated by genotype VG. In all isolated genotypes fruit demonstrated biologically high quality, which makes it a good raw material desirable for diverse forms of processing. Its high yield level, pronounced resistance to disease agents and pests, as well as adaptability to adverse conditions are a recommendation for organic-based production.

scholarly journals Kinerja Alat Penyulingan Minyak Atsiri Limbah Industri Sirup Kalamansi Skala Kecil Dengan Metode Steam Distillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Tuti Tutuarima ◽  
Yazid I Antara
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cooling Water Temperature ◽  
Yield Level

Byproducts in the form of orange peel produced from the kalamansi orange syrup industry are among the problems to the surrounding environment due to its unpleasant aroma. The utilization of waste processed into essential oil can increase the product's added value and increase income for the kalamansi orange syrup industry. Efforts to produce kalamansi oil with a high yield level will be made through the design and testing method of direct steam (steam distillation). This study was aimed to test the performance of simple distillation tools for byproducts from the kalamansi syrup industry using the steam distillation method. Small scale equipment with a capacity of 8 kg kalamansi peel was applied in this research. Parameters such as yield, conversion rate, and cooling water temperature were observed to determine the tool's performance. The results showed that a yield obtained was 0.33% with the distillate flow rate of 127.2 mL/min. This flow rate was considered very high and caused the obtained yield less than optimal. Therefore, further research is needed to test the use of a distillate flow rate to optimize yield. Keywords: essential oil, kalamansi, small-scale, steam distillation   ABSTRAK Keberadaan limbah kulit yang dihasilkan dari pengrajin sirup jeruk kalamansi merupakan salah satu masalah karena aroma yang tidak sedap dan mengganggu lingkungan di sekitarnya. Pemanfaatan limbah menjadi minyak atsiri dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah produk serta meningkatkan pendapatan bagi pengrajin sirup jeruk kalamansi. Upaya untuk menghasilkan minyak kalamansi dengan tingkat rendemen yang tinggi akan dilakukan melalui perancangan dan pengujian alat penyulingan metode uap langsung (steam distillation). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji kinerja alat penyulingan minyak limbah industri sirup jeruk kalamansi yang sederhana untuk skala kecil menggunakan metode penyulingan uap. Alat penyuling ini merupakan peralatan yang digunakan untuk skala kecil dengan kapasitas 8 kg limbah jeruk kalamansi. Pengujian kinerja alat meliputi: rendemen, laju penyulingan, dan suhu air pendingin. Hasil uji kinerja alat menunjukkan jumlah rendemen yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 0,33 % dengan laju alir destilat berkisar 127,2 mL/menit. Laju alir destilat yang dihasilkan ini masih sangat tinggi. Hal ini pula yang menyebabkan perolehan rendemen belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian selanjutnya adalah melakukan pengujian terhadap penggunaan laju alir destilat untuk mengoptimalkan perolehan rendemen. Kata kunci: kalamansi, penyulingan uap, minyak atsiri, skala kecil

scholarly journals Molecular Breeding of a Novel PTGMS Line of Wdr for Broad-spectrum Resistance to Blast Using Pi9, Pikh, and Pi5 Genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Fenyun Zhang ◽  
Xingxing Luo ◽  
Deyan Kong ◽  
Anning Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Quality ◽  
Hybrid Combination

Abstract Background: The two-line method based on the photoperiod and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) lines is more cost-effective, simple, and efficient than the three-line system based on cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS). Blast and drought are the most prevalent biotic and abiotic stress factors that hamper rice production, respectively. Molecular techniques demonstrate higher efficacy in the pyramiding of disease resistance genes, providing green performance under the background of water-saving and drought-resistance rice.Results: This work employed molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS), conventional hybridization and high-intensity stress screening to integrate the broad-spectrum blast resistance genes Pi9, Pikh, and Pi5 into Huhan 1S. Subsequently a novel water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) PTGMS line Huhan 74S was developed. The drought resistance of the new PTGMS line Huhan 74S was comparable to that of Huhan 1S. The artificial inoculation of 14 blast strains revealed that the resistance frequency of Huhan 74S was 85.7%. Based on the conditions of natural field induction, Huhan 74S and its hybrid combination revealed satisfactory resistance to leaf and neck blast. The identification outcomes of photo-thermal characteristics showed that the critical point of Huhan 74S fertility conversion had an average daily temperature of 23℃, and the stable sterile period in Shanghai lasted 51 days. The rice quality of Huhan 74S was grade 3 based on standards issued by the ministry. Also, both the agronomic and rice quality performances adhered to the conditions of two-line hybrid rice production.Conclusion: The newly bred PTGMS line Huhan 74S demonstrated a stable and lasting resistance to blast. Moreover, the hybrid combination showed a high yield potential and can be used in the breeding of high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistance two-line hybrid water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR), hence promoting sustainable rice production in China.

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