Analytic and chemometric assessments of the native probiotic bacteria and inulin effects on bioremediation of lead salts

Author(s):  
Adel Mirza Alizadeh ◽  
Hedayat Hosseini ◽  
Mehran Mohseni ◽  
Soheyl Eskandari ◽  
Sara Sohrabvandi ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
J.R. Walton

In electron microscopy, lead is the metal most widely used for enhancing specimen contrast. Lead citrate requires a pH of 12 to stain thin sections of epoxy-embedded material rapidly and intensively. However, this high alkalinity tends to leach out enzyme reaction products, making lead citrate unsuitable for many cytochemical studies. Substitution of the chelator aspartate for citrate allows staining to be carried out at pH 6 or 7 without apparent effect on cytochemical products. Moreover, due to the low, controlled level of free lead ions, contamination-free staining can be carried out en bloc, prior to dehydration and embedding. En bloc use of lead aspartate permits the grid-staining step to be bypassed, allowing samples to be examined immediately after thin-sectioning.Procedures. To prevent precipitation of lead salts, double- or glass-distilled H20 used in the stain and rinses should be boiled to drive off carbon dioxide and glassware should be carefully rinsed to remove any persisting traces of calcium ion.


2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Gyu-Sung Cho ◽  
Hyung-Ki Do ◽  
Chae-Yoon Bae ◽  
Gyu-Sup Cho ◽  
Cher-Won Whang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Ravichandra Vemuri ◽  
Rohit Gundamaraju ◽  
Rajaraman Eri

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissam Zam

Probiotics are viable microorganisms widely used for their claimed beneficial effects on the host health. A wide number of researchers proved that the intake of probiotic bacteria has numerous health benefits which created a big market of probiotic foods worldwide. The biggest challenge in the development of these products is to maintain the viability of bacterial cells during the storage of the product as well as throughout the gastrointestinal tract transit after consumption, so that the claimed health benefits can be delivered to the consumer. Different approaches have been proposed for increasing the resistance of these sensitive microorganisms, including the selection of resistant strains, incorporation of micronutrients, and most recently the use of microencapsulation techniques. Microencapsulation has resulted in enhancing the viability of these microorganisms which allows its wide use in the food industry. In this review, the most common techniques used for microencapsulation of probiotics will be presented, as well as the most usual microcapsule shell materials.


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