Anisakis simplex (s.l.) resistance to the action of gastric enzymes depends upon previous treatments applied to infected fish mince and affects antigen release

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Sánchez‐Alonso ◽  
Noelia Carballeda‐Sangiao ◽  
Santiago Rodríguez ◽  
Margarita Tejada ◽  
Alfonso Navas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infected Fish ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Fish Mince ◽  
Antigen Release

Allergenic Properties and Cuticle Microstructure of Anisakis simplex L3 after Freezing and Pepsin Digestion

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2578-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA I. RODRÍGUEZ-MAHILLO ◽  
MIGUEL GONZÁLEZ-MUÑOZ ◽  
IGNACIO MONEO ◽  
M. TERESA SOLAS ◽  
ÁNGEL MENDIZÁBAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Pepsin Digestion ◽  
Larval Cuticle ◽  
Immunoblotting Assay ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
Antigen Release

This article examines the viability of and the alterations to the larval cuticle and the pattern of the antigens released when live or frozen Anisakis simplex larvae were treated with acid and pepsin. The results showed that freezing did not greatly alter the larva body. If ruptures were observed, the antigen release to the incubation media was not enhanced, and most of the antigenic content was retained inside the bodies of the larvae. The immunoblotting assay demonstrated that most of the antigens released, including the allergen Ani s 4, were resistant to pepsin. Freezing killed the larvae, but their survival was not compromised by acid treatment or pepsin digestion when kept chilled. All these findings support recommendations about freezing fish for consumption raw or undercooked to prevent human infection by A. simplex larvae. However, our data show that the antigenicity of the larvae is preserved after freezing and may explain why some sensitized patients develop symptoms after ingestion of infested frozen fish.

Viability and Antigenicity of Anisakis simplex after Conventional and Microwave Heating at Fixed Temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2119-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANJA VIDAČEK ◽  
CRISTINA DE LAS HERAS ◽  
MARIA TERESA SOLAS ◽  
MARIA LUISA GARCÍA ◽  
ANGEL MENDIZÁBAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Food Properties ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Cold Spots

Inactivation of parasites in food by microwave treatment may vary due to differences in the characteristics of microwave ovens and food properties. Microwave treatment in standard domestic ovens results in hot and cold spots, and the microwaves do not penetrate all areas of the samples depending on the thickness, which makes it difficult to compare microwave with conventional heat treatments. The viability of Anisakis simplex (isolated larvae and infected fish muscle) heated in a microwave oven with precise temperature control was compared with that of larvae heated in a water bath to investigate any additional effect of the microwaves. At a given temperature, less time was required to kill the larvae by microwaves than by heated water. Microwave treatment killed A. simplex larvae faster than did conventional cooking when the microwaves fully penetrated the samples and resulted in fewer changes in the fish muscle. However, the heat-stable allergen Ani s 4 was detected by immunohistochemistry in the fish muscle after both heat treatments, even at 70°C, suggesting that Ani s 4 allergens were released from the larvae into the surrounding tissue and that the tissues retained their allergenicity even after the larvae were killed by both heat treatments. Thus, microwave cooking will not render fish safe for individuals already sensitized to A. simplex heat-resistant allergens.

Anisakis simplex Allergy

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 0242-0249 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Baeza ◽  
José Zubeldia ◽  
María Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Anisakis Simplex

Methods for Anisakis simplex detection in fish and fishery products

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6049-2018
Author(s):  
Kochanowski M. ◽  
Różycki M. ◽  
Dąbrowska J. ◽  
Bilska-Zając E. ◽  
Karamon J. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
Fishery Products ◽  
Fish And Fishery Products ◽  
Target Analyte

Anisakis simplex is a zoonotic nematode which can cause human anisakiasis. Furthermore, A. simplex allergens, even of dead larvae can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Due to the frequent occurrence in fish muscles and pathogenicity, A. simplex is a serious danger for fish products consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to examine fish and fish products for the presence of these parasites before placing on the market. The purpose of this paper is review of methods for A. simplex detection in fish and fishery products. These methods differ according to the effectiveness and type of the target analyte. They also have different suitability for examination of matrices with different properties. Moreover this paper presents legislations associated with A. simplex detection. .

Injectable Polypeptide Hydrogel Depot System for Assessment of the Immune Response–Inducing Efficacy of Sustained Antigen Release Alone

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1900167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Asai ◽  
Tadashi Fukuda ◽  
Kazunori Morokuma ◽  
Daiki Funamoto ◽  
Yuko Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antigen Release

Antibody response of carp, Cyprinus carpio to the cestode, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NIE ◽  
D. HOOLE
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Bothriocephalus Acheilognathi ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells

The humoral antibody response and the number of pronephric antibody-secreting cells were examined in naturally Bothriocephalus acheilognathi-infected carp. Cyprinus carpio, and in those injected intraperitoneally with an extract of the cestode. In the extract-injected fish, specific antibody was detected 3 weeks after a second injection given 2 weeks after the primary injection, and antibody levels persisted for more than 200 days. A third injection also enhanced the antibody level in the extract-injected carp. The numbers of antibody-secreting cells were significantly higher in carp injected 3 times with the extract than in the control. In naturally-infected fish, the serum antibody levels and the number of pronephric antibody-secreting cells were higher in infected fish than in uninfected individuals although this difference was not statistically significant. The relevance of these results to immune protection against infection is discussed.

Biology of Crassicutis cichlasomae, a parasite of cichlid fishes in Mexico and Central America

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Scholz ◽  
M.C.F. Pech-Ek ◽  
R. Rodriguez-Canul
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cichlid Fishes ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Light Darkness ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Cichlasoma Urophthalmus

AbstractField study on the biology of Crassicutis cichlasomae Manter, 1936 (Digenea: Homalometridae) was carried out in a small swamp in a limestone factory near Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. Aquatic snails, Littorina (Littoridinopsis) angulifera, harbouring C. cichlasomae rediae, cercariae and metacercariae, served both as the first and second intermediate hosts. Feeding experiments confirmed the conspecificity of metacercariae from naturally infected snails with adults from naturally infected fish. Gravid C. cichlasomae worms were obtained from experimentally infected fish 19 days post exposure at 22–24°C. Examination of fish from the swamp in Mitza and other localities in the Yucatan Peninsula showed that the cichlids Cichlasoma urophthalmus and C. meeki were definitive hosts of C. cichlasomae. There was no pronounced preference of C. cichlasomae adults for the site of their location in the intestine of the definitive host; a slightly higher proportion (41%) of worms was only found in the anterior third of the gut. The time of miracidium development varied from 18.5 to 27.5 days; different temperature (20.1–35.7°C) or light/darkness regimes influenced only slightly the rate of embryonic development, with shorter development times at higher temperature (34.8–35.7°C) and constant darkness and/or light. With the exception of the sporocyst, all developmental stages are described and figured.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature, CO2 and O2 on motility and mobility of Anisakidae larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiyan Guan ◽  
Inge Van Damme ◽  
Frank Devlieghere ◽  
Sarah Gabriël
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

AbstractAnisakidae, marine nematodes, are underrecognized fish-borne zoonotic parasites. Studies on factors that could trigger parasites to actively migrate out of the fish are very limited. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of different environmental conditions (temperature, CO2 and O2) on larval motility (in situ movement) and mobility (migration) in vitro. Larvae were collected by candling or enzymatic digestion from infected fish, identified morphologically and confirmed molecularly. Individual larvae were transferred to a semi-solid Phosphate Buffered Saline agar, and subjected to different temperatures (6 ℃, 12 ℃, 22 ℃, 37 ℃) at air conditions. Moreover, different combinations of CO2 and O2 with N2 as filler were tested, at both 6 °C and 12 °C. Video recordings of larvae were translated into scores for larval motility and mobility. Results showed that temperature had significant influence on larval movements, with the highest motility and mobility observed at 22 ℃ for Anisakis spp. larvae and 37 ℃ for Pseudoterranova spp. larvae. During the first 10 min, the median migration of Anisakis spp. larvae was 10 cm at 22 ℃, and the median migration of Pseudoterranova spp. larvae was 3 cm at 37 ℃. Larval mobility was not significantly different under the different CO2 or O2 conditions at 6 °C and 12 ℃. It was concluded that temperature significantly facilitated larval movement with the optimum temperature being different for Anisakis spp. and Pseudoterranova spp., while CO2 and O2 did not on the short term. This should be further validated in parasite-infected/spiked fish fillets.

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