Effect of nonionic surfactant Brij 35 on morphology, cloud point, and pigment stability in Monascus extractive fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 4521-4530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuelian Yang ◽  
Longbei Xiang ◽  
Ye Dong ◽  
Yanping Cao ◽  
Chengtao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Extractive Fermentation ◽  
Brij 35 ◽  
Pigment Stability

A Temperature Operating Window Concept for Application of Nonionic Surfactants for EOR in Unconventional Shale Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Wayan Rakananda Saputra ◽  
David S. Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Spontaneous Imbibition ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Rock System ◽  
Temperature Operating ◽  
Operating Window

Abstract Surfactant performance is a function of its hydrophobic tail, and hydrophilic head in combination with crude oil composition, brine salinity, rock composition, and reservoir temperature. Specifically, for nonionic surfactants, temperature is a dominant variable due to the nature of the ethylene oxide (EO) groups in the hydrophilic head known as the cloud point temperature. This study aims to highlight the existence of temperature operating window for nonionic surfactants to optimize oil recovery during EOR applications in unconventional reservoirs. Two nonylphenol (NP) ethoxylated nonionic surfactants with different EO head groups were investigated in this study. A medium and light grade crude oil were utilized for this study. Core plugs from a carbonate-rich outcrop and a quartz-rich outcrop were used for imbibition experiments. Interfacial tension and contact angle measurements were performed to investigate the effect of temperature on the surfactant interaction in an oil/brine and oil/brine/rock system respectively. Finally, a series of spontaneous imbibition experiments was performed on three temperatures selected based on the cloud point of each surfactant in order to construct a temperature operating window for each surfactant. Both nonionic surfactants were observed to improve oil recovery from the two oil-wet oil/rock system tested in this study. The improvement was observed on both final recovery and rate of spontaneous imbibition. However, it was observed that each nonionic surfactant has its optimum temperature operating window relative to the cloud point of that surfactant. For both nonionic surfactants tested in this study, this window begins from the cloud point of the surfactant up to 25°F above the cloud point. Below this operating window, the surfactant showed subpar performance in increasing oil recovery. This behavior is caused by the thermodynamic equilibrium of the surfactant at this temperature which drives the molecule to be more soluble in the aqueous-phase as opposed to partitioning at the interface. Above the operating window, surfactant performance was also inferior. Although for this condition, the behavior is caused by the preference of the surfactant molecule to be in the oleic-phase rather than the aqueous-phase. One important conclusion is the surfactant achieved its optimum performance when it positions itself on the oil/water interface, and this configuration is achieved when the temperature of the system is in the operating window mentioned above. Additionally, it was also observed that the 25°F operating window varies based on the characteristic of the crude oil. A surfactant study is generally performed on a single basin, with a single crude oil on a single reservoir temperature or even on a proxy model at room temperature. This study aims to highlight the importance of applying the correct reservoir temperature when investigating nonionic surfactant behavior. Furthermore, this study aims to introduce a temperature operating window concept for nonionic surfactants. This work demonstrates that there is not a "one size fits all" surfactant design.

scholarly journals Removal of Direct Yellow 12 from Water Samples by Cloud Point Extraction Using Triton X-100 as Nonionic Surfactant

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1588-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Abedi ◽  
Farzin Nekouei
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cloud Point Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Single Extraction ◽  
Triton X

A surfactant mediated cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure has been developed to remove color from wastewater containing direct yellow 12 (Chrysophenine G), using triton x-100 (TX-100) as nonionic surfactant. The effects of the concentration of the surfactant, pH, temperature and salt concentration on the different concentration of dye have been studied and optimum conditions were obtained for the removal of direct yellow 12 (DY 12). The concentration of DY 12 in the dilute phase was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It was found that the separation of phases was complete and the recovery of DY 12 was very effective in the presence of NaCl as an electrolyte. The results showed that up to 600 mg L−1of DY 12 can quantitatively be removed (>96%) by Cloud point extraction procedure in a single extraction using optimum conditions.

Photocatalytic degradation of nonionic surfactant, Brij 35 in aqueous TiO2 suspensions

Chemosphere ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yong Eng ◽  
Virender K. Sharma ◽  
Ajay K. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Brij 35
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