Characterization of a Jian‐like sherd with the optical microscope, confocal Raman, wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, and portable XRF spectrometers

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulsu Simsek Franci ◽  
Tugce Akkas ◽  
Sinem Yildirim ◽  
Suat Yilmaz ◽  
Ahmet Nejat Birdevrim
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Confocal Raman

scholarly journals Characterization of a Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra excavated in Lu’an, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Liu ◽  
Decai Gong ◽  
Zhengquan Yao ◽  
Liangjie Xu ◽  
Zhanyun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Lead White ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Historically, sutras played an important role in spreading Buddhist faith and doctrine, and today these remain important records of Buddhist thought and culture. A Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra with polychrome paintings was found inside the cavity on top of the Nanmen Buddhist pagoda, built in the early Tang dynasty (618–627 CE) and located in Anhui Province, China. Textile was found on the preface which is strongly degraded and fragile. Unfortunately, the whole sutra is under severe degradation and is incomplete. Technical analysis based on scientific methods will benefits the conservation of the sutra. Optical microscopy (OM), micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with optical microscope (Raman), scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the pigment and gilded material, as well as the paper fiber and textile. Pigments such as cinnabar, minium, paratacamite, azurite, lead white were found. Gilded material was identified as gold. A five-heddle warp satin, made of silk, was found as the textile on the preface of the sutra. The sutra’s preface and inner pages were made of paper comprised of bamboo and bark. As a magnificent yet recondite treasure of Buddhism, the sutra was analyzed for a better understanding of the material. A conservation project of the sutra will be scheduled accordingly.

Preparation and Characterization of Large-Sized ADM Monocrystals

2012 ◽  
Vol 152-154 ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yan Hui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Ammonium Dimolybdate

Non-agglomerated ammonium dimolybdate (ADM) monocrystals with large diameter and high dispersion has been prepared through reaction-evaporation-crystallization (REC) process using ammonium tetramolybdate and ammonia solution as reactants. The as-prepared ADM monocrystals were systematically characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, transmission-reflection optical microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and TG-DSC thermal analysis. It is shown that the as-prepared ADM samples are disperse monocrystals with well grain distribution and geometric shape, which can well meet the quality requirements for the subsequent production of molybdenum powders.

scholarly journals Wear Characterization of Al/ B4C surface composite produced by TIG arc process

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
N. Yuvaraj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Composite ◽  
Surface Composites ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Wear Characterization

Aluminum-based surface composites were fabricated by the TIG arc process. B4C micro and nanoparticles were filled separately on the grooves of the Aluminum substrate and modified the surfaces with different TIG arc speeds. The modified composite surface was characterized by optical microscope, Scanning Electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. The microhardness and wear properties of the composite surface were evaluated. The results of this study revealed that the newly formed nanocomposite surface enhances the hardness and wear characteristics. The wear worn-out surfaces of the composite surface were analyzed through SEM studies in order to understand the wear mechanisms

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Lithium-Substituted Cu-Mn Ferrite Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mohshin Quraishi ◽  
M. H. R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Initial Permeability ◽  
Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Spinel ◽  
Li Substitution ◽  
Combustion Technique ◽  
Li Content

The effect of Li substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of LixCu0.12Mn0.88−2xFe2+xO4 (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.44) ferrite nanoparticles prepared by combustion technique has been investigated. Structural and surface morphology have been studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and high-resolution optical microscope, respectively. The observed particle size of various LixCu0.12Mn0.88−2xFe2+xO4 is found to be in the range of 9 nm to 30 nm. XRD result confirms single-phase spinel structure for each composition. The lattice constant increases with increasing Li content. The bulk density shows a decreasing trend with Li substitution. The real part of initial permeability (μi′) and the grain size (D) increase with increasing Li content. It has been observed that the higher the μi′ is, the lower the resonance frequency in LixCu0.12Mn0.88−2xFe2+xO4 ferrites is.

scholarly journals The fossil wood of East Cairo, Egypt: A mineralogical view

Mineralogia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Kamaleldin M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Fossil Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Petrified Wood ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Petrified Forest

AbstractAs part of the characterization of the petrified wood of East Cairo at the New Cairo Petrified Forest, representative samples collected from the area were studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy. The samples, as indicated by XRD analysis, are composed of quartz ± some goethite ± minor moganite ± minor gypsum ± trace calcite. The absence of moganite in some samples has been attributed to the transformation of moganite to quartz or to leaching processes. Under the optical microscope, some of the 10 petrified-wood samples are permineralized with mainly microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), some with a combination of chalcedony and microgranular quartz, and some with microgranular quartz. The sequence of silicification is likely to have been either opaline precursor to chalcedony and quartz, or directly to chalcedony and quartz. The crystallinity indices (C.I.) of the quartz in the samples studied, measured using a standard X-ray powder diffraction procedure, are consistent with the petrographic findings. The chalcedonic samples have the least C.I. values, and the microgranular quartz samples the highest values.

Process Optimization and Structural Characterization of Fe3Si Layer by Pulse Electrodeposition

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 1201-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Li Yang ◽  
Ai Min Gao ◽  
Yu Zhu Zhang ◽  
Yun Gang Li ◽  
Guo Zhang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gradient Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compositional Depth Profile ◽  
Equiaxed Grains

Fe3Si layer was prepared by pulse eletrodeposition of Si on the surface of non-oriented steel in molten salts. With an orthogonal test the optimal process parameters were determined: the formulation of salts was NaCl:KCl:NaF:SiO2=1:1:3:0.3(mole ratio), current density of 60 mA/ cm2, duty cycle of 30%, pulse period of 1000 s and a deposition time of 50 min, respectively. The compositional depth profile, the structure, the surface morphology and cross sectional micrograph of the layer were studied by glow discharge spectrometry (GDS), X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). The results showed that Si in the layer existed in the form of the gradient distribution. The phase structure of the layer was composed of the single-phase Fe3Si. The layer composed of equiaxed grains. The surface appeared smooth and dense, and with uniform thickness.

Synthesis and Characterization of Thermoplastic Biomaterial Based on Acylated Chitosan Oligosaccharide

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 1433-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Hong Li ◽  
Yong Sun ◽  
San Xi Li ◽  
Shao Jun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

A series of acylated chitosan oligosaccharides (LCSOs) were synthesized by reacting chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO) with lauroyl chloride in methane sulfonic acid. The chemical structures of LCSOs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that LCSOs had two phase transitions during heating. Thermoplastic chitosan oligosaccharide (LCSO-4) has distinct melting temperature (Tm) at 64 °C and 110°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated that the crystal structure of CSO was changed through acylation and had created new crystal domains of lauroyl side chains. New strong diffraction peaks were observed around 2θ values of 20.0°, 21.5° and 26.3° for thermoplastic acylated chitosan oligosaccharide (LCSO-4). The melting and crystallization properties of thermoplastic acylated chitosan oligosaccharide were observed by polarized optical microscope (POM).

Syntheses and Characterization of Chitosan Oligosaccharide-Graft-Polycaprolactone Copolymer I Thermal and Spherulite Morphology Studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Hong Li ◽  
San Xi Li ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Yong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spherulite Morphology ◽  
Thermal Stable

The thermoplastic graft copolymers of chitosan oligosaccharide (PHCSO-g-PCL) were successfully synthesized via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) through an amino group protection route using phthaloyl chitosan oligosaccharide (PHCSO) as intermediate. The graft reaction was carried out in Pyridine at 120 °C with a chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO) initiator and a tin 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn (Oct)2) catalyst. The prepared copolymer was characterized by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). DSC analysis of PHCSO-g-PCL showed higher melting point at 54.8 °C than linear PCL. The TGA analysis showed that PHCSO-g-PCL was more thermal stable than original CSO. The banded spherulite structure of PHCSO-g-PCL and the growth of spherulite were observed by polarized optical microscope (POM); this was further proven by WAXD results.

scholarly journals An Ancient Egyptian Multilayered Polychrome Wooden Sculpture Belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino: Characterization of Painting Materials and Design of Cleaning Processes by Means of Highly Retentive Hydrogels

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1335
Author(s):  
Nicole Manfredda ◽  
Paola Buscaglia ◽  
Paolo Gallo ◽  
Matilde Borla ◽  
Sara Aicardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Multispectral Analysis

This contribution focuses on the conservation of an Egyptian wooden sculpture (Inventory Number Cat. 745) belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino in northwest Italy. A preliminary and interdisciplinary study of constituent painting materials and their layering is here provided. It was conducted by means of a multi-technique approach starting from non-invasive multispectral analysis on the whole object, and subsequently, on selected micro-samples. In particular, visible fluorescence induced by ultraviolet radiation (UVF), infrared reflectography (IRR) and visible--induced infrared luminescence were used on the whole object. The micro-samples were analysed by means of an optical microscope with visible and UV light sources, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) and micro-particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The characterization of the painting materials allowed the detection of Egyptian blue and Egyptian green, and also confirmed the pertinence of the top brown layer to the original materials, which is a key point to design a suitable surface treatment. In fact, due to the water sensitiveness of the original materials, only few options were available to perform cleaning operations on this artwork. To setup the cleaning procedure, we performed several preliminary tests on mockups using dry cleaning materials, commonly used to treat reactive surfaces, and innovative highly water retentive hydrogels, which can potentially limit the mechanical action on the original surface while proving excellent cleaning results. Overall, this study has proved fundamental to increase our knowledge on ancient Egyptian artistic techniques and contribute to hypothesize the possible provenance of the artefact. It also demonstrated that polyvinyl alcohol-based retentive gels allow for the safe and efficient cleaning of extremely water sensitive painted surfaces, as those typical of ancient Egyptian artefacts.

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