Micro-Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques (hXRF, VP-SEM-EDS,μ-FTIR and Py-GC/MS) applied to the study of beads from the Kongo Kingdom (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1468-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Coccato ◽  
Mafalda Costa ◽  
Anastasia Rousaki ◽  
Bernard-Olivier Clist ◽  
Karlis Karklins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Complementary Techniques

Constitutional Incorporation of the (Collective) Freedom to Govern Mineral Wealth: Comparing the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Alexandra Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
The People ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic

Constitutionalism may be gaining ascendancy in many countries in Africa. Yet thorough investigation of the extent to which current constitutions accord to the people their internationally recognised right to governance of their mineral wealth under Article 1(2) of the ICCPR has been lacking. Understanding the existing framework of rights which may support claims to land and natural resources is important. Constitutions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia demonstrate the reality of multiple, overlapping land interests and the limitations upon a people's claim to freely govern their mineral wealth.

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