Subfossil Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) along a latitudinal gradient in Finland: development of a new temperature inference model

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi P. Luoto
Keyword(s):  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Inference Model ◽  
Temperature Inference

scholarly journals A growing degree day inference model based on mountain birch leaf cuticle analysis over a latitudinal gradient in Fennoscandia

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-349
Author(s):  
Fabian EZ Ercan ◽  
Hugo Jan De Boer ◽  
Friederike Wagner-Cremer
Keyword(s):  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Inference Model ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Latitudinal Transect ◽  
Dwarf Birch ◽  
Epidermis Cell

Cuticle analysis performed on fossil Betula nana (L.) leaves provides a strong proxy to reconstruct past growing season thermal properties expressed as growing degree days (GDD5). This proxy is so far available for the dwarf birch only and, therewith, restricted to regions or past periods of subarctic climatic conditions. In this study, we analysed modern leaf samples of mountain birch ( Betula pubescens spp. czerepanovii (N. I. Orlova) Hämet-Ahti), which has a wider temperature range than the dwarf birch B. nana. The strong latitudinal climate gradient over Fennoscandia provides a unique opportunity to track growing season temperature imprints in the epidermis cell morphology of the modern mountain birch. We quantified the GDD5-dependent epidermal cell expansion, expressed as the undulation index (UI), over a 10° latitudinal transect translating to a range from ~1500°C to ~600°C GDD5 in 2016. Our results indicate that even in mountain birch the UI is positively correlated to GDD5 and, moreover, is largely independent of regional habitat conditions such as daylight length and precipitation. These results imply that in addition to the earlier studied (sub-)arctic dwarf birch, the closely related mountain birch can also be utilized in GDD5 reconstructions. The abundant presence of fossil mountain birch leaves in sediments from warmer than (sub)arctic palaeoclimates enables the reconstruction of growing season climate dynamics over past phases of climate change, overcoming earlier restrictions of the proxy related to spatial and temporal species occurrence as well as local light regimes.

The family Orthotrichaceae (Bryophyta) in flora of Russia: results of revision and biogeographical review

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Fedosov
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Longitudinal Gradient ◽  
Biogeographic Pattern ◽  
The Family ◽  
North Pacific Region

Recent studies on Orthotrichoid mosses in Russia are summarized genus by genus. Orthotrichum furcatum Otnyukova is synonymized with Nyholmiella obtusifolia. Orthotrichum vittii is excluded from the Russian moss flora. Description of O. dagestanicum is amended. Fifty four currently recognized species from 9 genera of the Orthotrichaceae are presently known to occur in Russia; list of species with common synonyms and brief review of distribution in Russia is presented. Numerous problematic specimens with unresolved taxonomy were omitted for future. Revealed taxonomical inconsistencies in the genera Zygodon, Ulota, Lewinskya, Nyholmiella, Orthotrichum are briefly discussed. Main regularities of spatial differentiation of the family Orthotrichaceae in Russia are considered. Recently presented novelties contribute to the certain biogeographic pattern, indicating three different centers of diversity of the family, changing along longitudinal gradient. Unlike European one, continental Asian diversity of Orthotrichaceae is still poorly known, the Siberian specimens which were previously referred to European species in most cases were found to represent other, poorly known or undescribed species. North Pacific Region houses peculiar and poorly understood hot spot of diversity of Orthotrichoid mosses. Thus, these hot spots are obligatory to be sampled in course of revisions of particular groups, since they likely comprise under-recorded cryptic- or semi-cryptic species. Latitudinal gradient also contributes to the spatial differentiation of the revealed taxonomic composition of Orthotrichaceae.

Nest Orientation in Closed Nests of Passeriformes across a Latitudinal Gradient in the Southern Neotropic

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Alejandro A. Schaaf ◽  
Cecilia G. Garcia ◽  
Harold F. Greeney
Keyword(s):  
Latitudinal Gradient
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