Pharmacokinetics and Metabolic Interconversion of Intravenous 4-Amino-5-chloro-2-[(methylsulfinyl)ethoxy]-N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]benzamide and Its Sulfide and Sulfone Metabolites in Rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Be-Sheng Kuo ◽  
James C. Poole ◽  
Kin-Kai Hwang ◽  
Haiyung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Interconversion

Regulatory Themes and Variations by the Stress-Signaling Nucleotide Alarmones (p)ppGpp in Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent W. Anderson ◽  
Danny K. Fung ◽  
Jue D. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Metabolic Remodeling ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Metabolic Interconversion

Bacterial stress-signaling alarmones are important components of a protective network against diverse stresses such as nutrient starvation and antibiotic assault. pppGpp and ppGpp, collectively (p)ppGpp, have well-documented regulatory roles in gene expression and protein translation. Recent work has highlighted another key function of (p)ppGpp: inducing rapid and coordinated changes in cellular metabolism by regulating enzymatic activities, especially those involved in purine nucleotide synthesis. Failure of metabolic regulation by (p)ppGpp results in the loss of coordination between metabolic and macromolecular processes, leading to cellular toxicity. In this review, we document how (p)ppGpp and newly characterized nucleotides pGpp and (p)ppApp directly regulate these enzymatic targets for metabolic remodeling. We examine targets’ common determinants for alarmone interaction as well as their evolutionary diversification. We highlight classical and emerging themes in nucleotide signaling, including oligomerization and allostery along with metabolic interconversion and crosstalk, illustrating how they allow optimized bacterial adaptation to their environmental niches. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 55 is November 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals 46 MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES (MCT) IN INFANT FORMULAS: METABOLIC INTERCONVERSION AND INFLUENCE ON ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS (EFA)

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 10A-10A
Author(s):  
Virgilio P Carnielli ◽  
Katia Rossi ◽  
Tamara Badon ◽  
Barbara Gregori ◽  
Franco Zacchello
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Metabolic Interconversion

scholarly journals Synthesis and catabolism of rabbit α 1-antitrypsins F and S

1980 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Regoeczi ◽  
A Koj ◽  
L S L Lam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Metabolic Interconversion

The metabolic relationship between the two major forms of rabbit alpha 1-antitrypsin, F and S, was investigated by using labeling techniques in vivo and in vitro. After the injection of [14C]leucine, the S/F specific-radioactivity ratio showed characteristic changes with time: at 1 h, the ratio was high (1.2-1.4), but by later times (5-7h) it decreased to a value of approx. 1.1. Two different techniques were used to purify alpha 1-antitrypsin for labelling with iodine. The half-lives of the differentially labelled and simultaneously injected F- and S-forms were 68.1 (+/- 7.6 S.D) and 55.3 (+/- 8.1 S.D)h respectively. Combined electrophoretic and gamma-spectrometric studies provided no evidence for metabolic interconversion of the alpha 1-antitrypsin forms in the circulation. These observations suggest that rabbit alpha 1-antitrypsins F and S are, despite their close chemical composition and immunological identity, metabolically independent proteins. Therefore the possibility is raised that alpha 1-antitrypsin synthesis in rabbits is controlled by two autosomal genes or two sets of such genes.

scholarly journals The metabolic interconversion of arecoline and arecoline 1-oxide in the rat

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nery
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
High Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Catalytic Exchange ◽  
Metabolic Interconversion ◽  
Unidentified Metabolite

1. Tritiation of arecoline hydrochloride by catalytic exchange in aqueous media (done by The Radiochemical Centre) gave arecaidine hydrochloride of high specific radioactivity; this on treatment with diazomethane gave [3H]arecoline, which was oxidized with peroxyacetic acid to [3H]arecoline 1-oxide. 2. Arecoline 1-oxide gave arecaidine 1-oxide on acid hydrolysis and 1,2-dihydro-1-methylnicotinic acid methyl ester on thermal decomposition. 3. [3H]Arecoline hydrochloride was metabolized in the rat into the 3H-labelled derivatives of arecoline 1-oxide, arecaidine 1-oxide, arecaidine, N-acetyl-S-(3-carboxy-1-methylpiperid-4-yl)-l-cysteine and an unidentified metabolite; some unchanged arecoline was also excreted. [3H]Arecoline 1-oxide gave the same metabolities, but in different amounts. 4. The possible relevance of these findings to betel-nut carcinogenesis is discussed.

Metabolic Interconversion of the Prostaglandins

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Interconversion
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