Liquid Crystal Solubilization of Cholesterol: Potential Method for Gallstone Dissolution

1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Bogardus
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Gallstone Dissolution

scholarly journals Effect of magnetic field on the synthesis of well-aligned TiO2-5CB by sol-gel method

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-692
Author(s):  
Nur Izzati Abu Bakar ◽  
Sheela Chandren ◽  
Nursyafreena Attan ◽  
Leaw Wai Loon ◽  
Hadi Nur
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
5Cb Liquid Crystal ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This paper describes the approach by using a magnetic field as a technique in order to synthesize well-aligned materials. The magnetic field technique could be a potential method because it has advantage that all of the materials could be aligned by magnetic field as long as they have magnetic anisotropy. The aim of this research is to explore the effects of magnetic field and magnetic line in the synthesis of well-aligned material, namely titania (TiO2).  The synthesis of well-aligned titania with liquid crystal as the structure-aligning agent is demonstrated under magnetic field in the presence of liquid crystal, 4′-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB), tetra-n-butyl orthotitanate (TBOT), 2-propanol and water. The mixture underwent slow hydrolysis and drying process under magnetic field (0.3 T) in ambient condition. The use of magnetic field and 5CB liquid crystal as the structure aligning agent has led to the successful formation of well-aligned TiO2-5CB via sol-gel method. When no magnetic field was applied, the TiO2-5CB obtained was spherical in shape and no alignment can be observed. This study demonstrated that magnetic field can play an important role in the synthesis of well-aligned TiO2-5CB.

Freeze-fracture TEM of the helical smectic A* phase

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
K.J. Ihn ◽  
R. Pindak ◽  
J. A. N. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Smectic Phase ◽  
Layer Spacing ◽  
Screw Dislocations ◽  
Smectic A ◽  
Smectic Phases ◽  
Discrete Amount

A new liquid crystal (called the smectic-A* phase) that combines cholesteric twist and smectic layering was a surprise as smectic phases preclude twist distortions. However, the twist grain boundary (TGB) model of Renn and Lubensky predicted a defect-mediated smectic phase that incorporates cholesteric twist by a lattice of screw dislocations. The TGB model for the liquid crystal analog of the Abrikosov phase of superconductors consists of regularly spaced grain boundaries of screw dislocations, parallel to each other within the grain boundary, but rotated by a fixed angle with respect to adjacent grain boundaries. The dislocations divide the layers into blocks which rotate by a discrete amount, Δθ, given by the ratio of the layer spacing, d, to the distance between grain boundaries, lb; Δθ ≈ d/lb (Fig. 1).

Attractive mode force microscopy of chiral liquid crystal surfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
B.D. Terris ◽  
R. J. Twieg ◽  
C. Nguyen ◽  
G. Sigaud ◽  
H. T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Free Surfaces ◽  
Control Range ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Crystal Films ◽  
Chiral Liquid Crystal ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
Electrostatic Charging ◽  
And Shifts

We have used a force microscope in the attractive, or noncontact, mode to image a variety of surfaces. In this mode, the microscope tip is oscillated near its resonant frequency and shifts in this frequency due to changes in the surface-tip force gradient are detected. We have used this technique in a variety of applications to polymers, including electrostatic charging, phase separation of ionomer surfaces, and crazing of glassy films.Most recently, we have applied the force microscope to imaging the free surfaces of chiral liquid crystal films. The compounds used (Table 1) have been chosen for their polymorphic variety of fluid mesophases, all of which exist within the temperature control range of our force microscope.

Modulated structures in (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Shozo Ikeda ◽  
Hirotoshi Hayakawa ◽  
Daniel R. Dietderich
Keyword(s):  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Bscco System ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Modulated Structures ◽  
High Tc Phase ◽  
Deposited Films ◽  
Sputtering System

Pb addition makes easier to form the high Tc phase in the BSCCO system. However, Pb easily vaporized at high temperature. A controlled Pb potential method has been applied to grow the high Tc phase in films. Initially, films are deposited on cleaved MgO substrates using an rf magnetron sputtering system. These amorphous as-deposited films are heat treated in a sealed gold capsule along with a large pellet of Pb-added BSCCO. Details of the process and characterization of the films have been reported elsewhere (1). Films trated for 0.5h at 850° C contain mainly the low Tc phase with a small amount of the high Tc phase. Hawever, films treated for 3h at 850°C consist mainly of the high Tc phase. This film is superconductive with a Tc(zero) of 106K. The Pb/Bi ratio of the films, analysed by SEM- EDS, are 0.12 and 0.18 for heat tratment times of 0.5 and 3h, respectively. The present study investigates the modulated structures of these films using HREM.

Development of liquid crystal light valves using Bi12SiO20 as the photoconductor. Part 2: Device performance

1986 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
W.L. Baillie ◽  
P.M. Openshaw ◽  
A.D. Hart ◽  
S.S. Makh
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Device Performance
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