Chlorpromazine Metabolism VIII: Blood Levels of Chlorpromazine and Its Sulfoxide in Schizophrenic Patients

1976 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushkar N. Kaul ◽  
Lloyd R. Whitfield ◽  
Mervin L. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Blood Levels ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Chlorpromazine Metabolism

Drug Therapy in Schizophrenia — Variability of Outcome and Prediction of Response*

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. George Awad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Predictors Of Response ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

In spite of the proven benefits of neuroleptics in reducing acute psychotic symptoms and in preventing relapse in schizophrenic patients, not all schizophrenics benefit equally from neuroleptic therapy. Predictors of response include: demographics, clinical characteristics, neurologic soft signs, neurocognitive functioning, morphologic brain changes, drug blood levels, indices of blockade of the dopamine receptors, subjective response to medications as well as early symptomatic improvement. Methodological difficulties in outcome research in drug therapy are reviewed. No single factor has been identified as a reliable predictor of drug response, and it is unlikely that such a single predictor will prove useful in a heterogeneous illness such as schizophrenia. This paper reviews the factors, which have been suggested as useful in developing better understanding of variability of drug response among schizophrenics.

scholarly journals Increased S100B blood levels in unmedicated and treated schizophrenic patients are correlated with negative symptomatology

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rothermundt ◽  
U Missler ◽  
V Arolt ◽  
M Peters ◽  
J Leadbeater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Levels ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Relationship of butaperazine blood levels to plasma prolactin in chronic schizophrenic patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Smith ◽  
Carol A. Tamminga ◽  
John W. Crayton ◽  
Haroutune Dekirmenjian ◽  
John M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Levels ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Relationship Of

Association of blood levels of C-reactive protein with clinical phenotypes in Arab schizophrenic patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayomi O. Akanji ◽  
Jude U. Ohaeri ◽  
Suhail Al-Shammri ◽  
Hasmukh R. Fatania
Keyword(s):  
Blood Levels ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Blood Levels of Haloperidol in Schizophrenic Patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7???12 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLA SHVARTSBURD ◽  
HAROUTUNE DEKIRMENJIAN ◽  
ROBERT C. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Blood Levels ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

scholarly journals Effect of Adjuvant Vitamin C on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Improvement of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Andi Jayalangkara Tanra ◽  
Herwina Sabaruddin ◽  
Kristian Liaury ◽  
Andi Alfian Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of adjuvant Vitamin C on brain-derived neurotropic factors (BDNF) levels and improvement of negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients. METHODS: This study was conducted at Hasanuddin University Hospital and its affiliate with 60 schizophrenic patients (30 controls, 27 treatments, and three dropout patients). The ELISA sample examination method was used to examine blood levels of BDNF, and Vitamin C levels before and after administration of Vitamin C. In addition, the negative symptoms were measured using the PANSS score. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in BDNF levels in treatments group compared the control at 4th–8th weeks with p = 0.005 (4th week) and ≤0.0001 (<0.05) (8th week). The improvement in PANSS scores for negative symptoms in the treatment groups compared to the controls at the 2nd, 4th, and 8th weeks resulted in p = 0.042 (2nd week) and <0.0001 (4th–8th weeks). Furthermore, there was an increase in serum Vitamin C levels in the treatment groups with an initial average value = 4.762 and after 8 weeks = 148.155. Strong correlation between increased BDNF levels and improvement in negative symptoms on the PANSS score was found with p = 0.001 (4th week) and ≤0.0001 (8th week). CONCLUSION: The administration of Vitamin C significantly increases BDNF levels and improves the PANSS score for negative symptoms in the treatments compared to the control groups.

Determination of Drug Concentrations in Serum and Dopamine Receptor Occupancy in Brain for Optimal Antipsychotic Drug Therapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
C. Hiemke ◽  
G. Gründer
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Receptor Occupancy ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Evidence has been given that antipsychotic effects of dopamine receptor antagonists are associated with 60 and 80% striatal dopamine D2 and D3 receptor occupancy. Receptor occupancy correlates well with concentrations of the antipsychotic drugs in serum or plasma, much better than the dose. The latter is consistent with weak correlations between antipsychotic dose and serum concentrations and explained by the high interindividual variabilities in drug metabolism. Using positron emission tomography (PET) for in vivo determination of dopamine receptor occupancy in conjunction with drug concentration measurements “therapeutic windows” could be calculated for the atypical antipsychotic drugs amisulpride, risperidone and ziprasidone. On the other hand, analysis of drug concentrations in serum of schizophrenic patients who were treated with these drugs and who had responded to the medication confirmed the PET derived target levels and with some modifications also those of aripiprazole and clozapine. In vivo characterisation of dopamine receptor occupancy and measurement of blood levels should therefore be part of the clinical trials during the development of new antipsychotic drugs. They provide most relevant information for the later use of therapeutic drug monitoring to optimise the treatment of individual patients.

Haloperidol Blood Levels during Dosage Reduction in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zalman Goldman ◽  
Richard P. Ebstein ◽  
Bernard Lerer ◽  
Joseph Zohar ◽  
Mira Hermoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Reduction ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 Blood Level is Correlated with Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 630-632
Author(s):  
Emilia Burada ◽  
Ileana Marinescu ◽  
Otilia Constantina Rogoveanu ◽  
Amelia-Mihaela Dobrescu ◽  
Cito Taisescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

The extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are commonly associated with antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenic patients. Accumulated evidence has shown that pathways of homocysteine and folate metabolism are linked to neurodegeneration and schizophrenia. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate serum levels in relation to drug-induced EPS in schizophrenic patients. The blood levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid were measured by chemiluminescent and electrochemoluminescence immunoassay methods in 34 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (19 patients with severe EPS and 15 controls without EPS), recruited from Clinical Hospital of Neuropsychiatry Craiova, Romania. A significant association has been observed between EPS and vitamin B12 levels, the patients with severe EPS showed a reduced vitamin B12 levels (p=0.02). No correlation was observed between severe EPS and homocysteine or folate levels (p=0.2, respectively p=0.37). Our study suggests that deficiency of vitamin B12 blood levels is correlated with severe EPS in schizophrenic patients. Further studies included more patients and functional experiments are required to clarify the role of these biomarkers in relation with antipsychotic-induced EPS in schizophrenia.

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