Effect of Temperature and Sodium Chloride on Drag Reduction by Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose and Gum Gum

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1164-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra Shah ◽  
Bernard Ecanow
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose

scholarly journals THE ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CURANGA FEL-TERRAE LEAVES ON ASCARIDIA GALLI

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Popi Patilaya ◽  
Dadang Irfan Husori ◽  
Imam Bagus Sumantri
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Solvent Control

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was to investigate the anthelmintic effects of ethanol extract of Curanga fel-terrae leaves on Ascaridia galli.Methods: Extract of C. fel-terrae was prepared by percolating the dried powder of the plant leaves. To observe anthelmintic effects, A. galli wasexposed to the plant extract solutions in different concentrations at room temperature for 72 hrs. Sodium chloride 0.9%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.5%, and albendazole 0.1% were served as negative control, solvent control, and positive control, respectively. The anthelmintic effectswere determined by observing the time taken for paralysis and the time taken for death of A. galli during experiment.Results: The results demonstrated that there were no different effects between negative and solvent controls. However, the ethanol extract ofC. fel-terrae leaves exhibited significantly paralysis and death effects toward A. galli. The plant extracts at the concentration of 100 mg/ml showedsimilar anthelmintic effects with albendazole 0.1%. This study also indicated that the paralysis and death effects of plant extract were shorter whenthe worms exposed with the concentration above of 100 mg/ml.Conclusion: This study indicated that the ethanol extract of C. fel-terrae leaves has potential anthelmintic effects on A. galli.Keywords: Curanga fel-terrae, Ascaridia galli, Anthelmintic, Helminthiasis, Ascariasis. 

Density and Drag Reduction With Hollow Glass Additives

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahri Kutlu ◽  
Evren M. Ozbayoglu ◽  
Stefan Z. Miska ◽  
Nicholas Takach ◽  
Mengjiao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Hydraulic Drag ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Survival Ratio ◽  
Fluid Density ◽  
Hollow Glass ◽  
Glass Spheres ◽  
Reduction Effect

This study concentrates on the use of materials known as hollow glass spheres, also known as glass bubbles, to reduce the drilling fluid density below the base fluid density without introducing a compressible phase to the wellbore. Four types of lightweight glass spheres with different physical properties were tested for their impact on rheological behavior, density reduction effect, survival ratio at elevated pressures and hydraulic drag reduction effect when mixed with water based fluids. A Fann75 HPHT viscometer and a flow loop were used for the experiments. Results show that glass spheres successfully reduce the density of the base drilling fluid while maintaining an average of 0.93 survival ratio, the rheological behavior of the tested fluids at elevated concentrations of glass bubbles is similar to the rheological behavior of conventional drilling fluids and hydraulic drag reduction is present up to certain concentrations. All results were integrated into hydraulics calculations for a wellbore scenario that accounts for the effect of temperature and pressure on rheological properties, as well as the effect of glass bubble concentration on mud temperature distribution along the wellbore. The effect of drag reduction was also considered in the calculations.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and water activity on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Medveďová ◽  
Ľ. Valík ◽  
A. Studeničová
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Growth Responses

The growth responses of Staphylococcus aureus 2064 as affected by water activity and incubation temperature were studied in two different laboratory media. Growth parameters at temperatures from 7 to 51&deg;C and a<sub>w</sub> in the range from 1.0 to 0.86 were fitted using Ratkowsky models. The effect of temperature within its whole range on the specific growth rate was modelled by the extended model under the following equation: &radic;&micro; = 0.0456 (T &ndash; T<sub>min</sub>) [1 &ndash; e<sup>0.447(T &ndash; T<sub>max</sub>)</sup>]. The water activity values of tested media were adjusted by sodium chloride in the range from a<sub>w</sub> = 1.0 to 0.86 and experiments were conducted at 15 and 18&deg;C. The growth responses of S. aureus on water activity at 15&deg;C and 18&deg;C in PCA broth and BHI broth was described by simplified Ratkowsky model in the form: &radic;&micro; = b &times; a<sub>w</sub>. Validation of the found relationships confirmed sound fitting of the data and thus the referred results of the isolate originated from ewes&rsquo; cheese can be used in the growth prediction of S. aureus, reliably.

Drilling Fluid Density and Hydraulic Drag Reduction With Glass Bubble Additives

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahri Kutlu ◽  
Nicholas Takach ◽  
Evren M. Ozbayoglu ◽  
Stefan Z. Miska ◽  
Mengjiao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Hydraulic Drag ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Survival Ratio ◽  
Fluid Density ◽  
Glass Spheres ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Glass Bubble

This study concentrates on the use of materials known as hollow glass spheres, also known as glass bubbles, to reduce the drilling fluid density below the base fluid density without introducing a compressible phase to the wellbore. Four types of lightweight glass spheres with different physical properties were tested for their impact on rheological behavior, density reduction effect, survival ratio at elevated pressures, and hydraulic drag reduction effect when mixed with water-based fluids. A Fann75 high pressure high temperature (HPHT) viscometer and a flow loop were used for the experiments. Results show that glass spheres successfully reduce the density of the base drilling fluid while maintaining an average of 0.93 survival ratio, the rheological behavior of the tested fluids at elevated concentrations of glass bubbles is similar to the rheological behavior of conventional drilling fluids and hydraulic drag reduction is present up to certain concentrations. All results were integrated into hydraulics calculations for a wellbore scenario that accounts for the effect of temperature and pressure on rheological properties, as well as the effect of glass bubble concentration on mud temperature distribution along the wellbore. The effect of drag reduction was also considered in the calculations.

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