Pharmacokinetics of Highly Ionized Drugs I: Methylene Blue—Whole Blood, Urine, and Tissue Assays

1972 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Disanto ◽  
J.G. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Whole Blood

Forensic Electrochemical Presumptive Blood Test Based on the Voltammetric Behaviour of Methylene Blue and Whole Blood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cook ◽  
Kevin C. Honeychurch
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Archaeological Sciences

The ability to identify the presence of blood residues is important in a number of fields, such as in the forensic and archaeological sciences. A number of tests presently exist;...

The Effect of Methylene Blue Addition to Whole Blood during Prolonged Storage

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Kocholaty ◽  
R. B. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Prolonged Storage

Selective Lympholysis: A Unique Method Using the Double-Dye Technique.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3884-3884
Author(s):  
William J. Owens ◽  
Thomas C. Cesario ◽  
Edward Shanbrom
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Lymphocytic Cell Line

Abstract Many methods are utilized to destroy mononuclear cells (primarily lymphocytes) either for neoplasm or immunosuppression. Neither radiation nor chemotherapy are truly selective or completely successful. The concept of “Double-Dye” treatment of blood for transfusion has been developed in order to inactivate parasites, bacteria and viruses (J Thromb Haemost2003; 1 Supplement 1 July: P1114). In recent studies, it has been observed that this same “Double-Dye” concept presents the possibility of very selectively eliminating lymphocytes (mononuclear cells) without affecting neutrophils in whole blood. To demonstrate the selectivity of dyes for lymphocytic/mononuclear cell types, two sets of experiments were performed. In the first, 0.3% (w/v) of the “Double Dye’ solution was added to several normal citrated whole blood samples to assess the effect on normal cells, compared to an untreated control. At 24hours post treatment, the lymphocyte count in the treated sample had dropped more than 80%, while little effect on neutrophils was noted. The control counts showed little change for either lymphocytes or neutrophils. Table 1. Lymphocyte reduction by 0.3%(w/v) Double-dye solution (units: cells/mm3). 0hr Control 0.3% Dye WBC 6850 ± 560 6920 ± 630 Neut 5030 ± 375 5100 ± 420 Lymph 1485 ± 220 1490 ± 265 24hr Control 0.3% Dye WBC 6700 ± 480 5300 ± 505 Neut 5025 ± 360 5025 ± 420 Lymph 1474 ± 240 275 ± 75 In the second series of experiments, 0.3%(w/v) “Double-Dye” solution or 0.15%(w/v) Crystal Violet or 0.15%(w/v) Methylene Blue were added to two T-cell leukemia lines (Jurkat, L1210), with a non-malignant, non-lymphocytic cell line (WISH) for the control. The combination of dyes showed the most potent activity against the lymphocytic lines, while the control was virtually unaffected. Table 2: Viability of cell lines after 24 hour exposure to dye solutions. Jurkat L1210 WISH Control 100% ± 2% 100% ± 4% 99% ± 2% 0.3% Double Dye 37% ± 5% 12% ± 4% 88% ± 9% 0.15% Meth. Blue 58% ± 12% 52% ± 9% 100% ± 3% 0.15% Cr. Violet 90% ± 12% 92% ± 10% 99% ± 4% The novel use of these dyes reported here coincided with the recent interest in utilizing methylene blue to increase transfusion safety, but recognizing that the concurrent need to photoactivate was too toxic to certain proteins and didn’t inactivate all pathogens (Transfusion2003; 43(9): 1238–47). Studies investigating the in-vivo efficacy of these novel immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic methods are currently underway.

scholarly journals An ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor based on redox cycling amplification using methylene blue

The Analyst ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (18) ◽  
pp. 3492-3499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorachand Dutta ◽  
Peter B. Lillehoj
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Redox Cycling ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensor ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Analytical Measurements ◽  
Whole Blood Samples

An enzyme-free immunosensor based on methylene blue redox cycling was developed for ultrasensitive analytical measurements in plasma and whole blood samples.

The Effect of Methylene Blue Addition to Whole Blood during Prolonged Storage

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
W.F. Kocholaty ◽  
R.B. Dawson jr.
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Prolonged Storage

scholarly journals Photodynamic Inactivation of Candida albicans in Blood Plasma and Whole Blood

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Sousa ◽  
Ana T. P. C. Gomes ◽  
Américo Freitas ◽  
Maria A. F. Faustino ◽  
Maria G. P. M. S. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Blood Components

The few approved disinfection techniques for blood derivatives promote damage in the blood components, representing risks for the transfusion receptor. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) seems to be a promising approach for the photoinactivation of pathogens in blood, but only three photosensitizers (PSs) have been approved, methylene blue (MB) for plasma and riboflavin and amotosalen for plasma and platelets. In this study, the efficiency of the porphyrinic photosensitizer Tri-Py(+)-Me and of the porphyrinic formulation FORM was studied in the photoinactivation of Candida albicans in plasma and in whole blood and the results were compared to the ones obtained with the already approved PS MB. The results show that FORM and Tri-Py(+)-Me are promising PSs to inactivate C. albicans in plasma. Although in whole blood the inactivation rates obtained were higher than the ones obtained with MB, further improvements are required. None of these PSs had promoted hemolysis at the isotonic conditions when hemolysis was evaluated in whole blood and after the addition of treated plasma with these PSs to concentrates of red blood cells.

Fine Structure of Platelet Interaction with a New Microcrystalline Collagen Preparation

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
W. H. Zucker ◽  
R. G. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Hemostatic Agent ◽  
Native Collagen ◽  
Fibrillar Morphology ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
New Form

Platelet adhesion initiates platelet aggregation and is an important component of the hemostatic process. Since the development of a new form of collagen as a topical hemostatic agent is of both basic and clinical interest, an ultrastructural and hematologic study of the interaction of platelets with the microcrystalline collagen preparation was undertaken.In this study, whole blood anticoagulated with EDTA was used in order to inhibit aggregation and permit study of platelet adhesion to collagen as an isolated event. The microcrystalline collagen was prepared from bovine dermal corium; milling was with sharp blades. The preparation consists of partial hydrochloric acid amine collagen salts and retains much of the fibrillar morphology of native collagen.

A SEM and Light Microscope Study of the Epidermal Leaf Structures of the Carnivorous Plant, Sarracenia purpurea, L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa ◽  
J. F. Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Inner Surface

Tissue from the hood and sarcophagus regions were fixed in 6% glutaraldehyde in 1 M.cacodylate buffer and washed in buffer. Tissue for SEM was partially dried, attached to aluminium targets with silver conducting paint, carbon-gold coated(100-500Å), and examined in a Kent Cambridge Stereoscan S4. Tissue for the light microscope was post fixed in 1% aqueous OsO4, dehydrated in acetone (4°C), embedded in Epon 812 and sectioned at ½u on a Sorvall MT 2 ultramicrotome. Cross and longitudinal sections were cut and stained with PAS, 0.5% toluidine blue and 1% azure II-methylene blue. Measurements were made from both SEM and Light micrographs.The tissue had two structurally distinct surfaces, an outer surface with small (225-500 µ) pubescent hairs (12/mm2), numerous stoma (77/mm2), and nectar glands(8/mm2); and an inner surface with large (784-1000 µ)stiff hairs(4/mm2), fewer stoma (46/mm2) and larger, more complex glands(16/mm2), presumably of a digestive nature.

3-D organization of fibrinogen receptors using computer reconstruction and whole-mount microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
E. T. O'Toole ◽  
R. R. Hantgan ◽  
J. C. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Computer Reconstruction ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Whole Mount

Thrombocytes (TC), the avian equivalent of blood platelets, support hemostasis by aggregating at sites of injury. Studies in our lab suggested that fibrinogen (fib) is a requisite cofactor for TC aggregation but operates by an undefined mechanism. To study the interaction of fib with TC and to identify fib receptors on cells, fib was purified from pigeon plasma, conjugated to colloidal gold and used both to facilitate aggregation and as a receptor probe. Described is the application of computer assisted reconstruction and stereo whole mount microscopy to visualize the 3-D organization of fib receptors at sites of cell contact in TC aggregates and on adherent cells.Pigeon TC were obtained from citrated whole blood by differential centrifugation, washed with Ca++ free Hank's balanced salts containing 0.3% EDTA (pH 6.5) and resuspended in Ca++ free Hank's. Pigeon fib was isolated by precipitation with PEG-1000 and the purity assessed by SDS-PAGE. Fib was conjugated to 25nm colloidal gold by vortexing and the conjugates used as the ligand to identify fib receptors.

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